Transcript ŽVILGSNIS Į LIETUVOS ŽEMĖS ŪKĮ - VirtuaaliAMK

AN OVERVIEW OF
LITHUANIAN AGRICULTURE
The structure of farmers
End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th
century
75 % of the population – peasants. They
possessed 50 % of the land
4 % of the population – landlords. They owned
36 % of the land.
Merchant, craftsmen and the church owned 14
% of the land.
1/3 of the peasants were landless or had very
small holdings.
The structure of farmers
1918-1939
The land of landlords was expropriated leaving
them only at 80-150 ha
720 thous. ha of expropriated land was divided
among 100 thous. of the landless
They had to redeem the land in 36 years.
The structure of farmers
1940-1989
In 1941 the first „kolchoz“ appeared
In 1941 started mass deportations (on 14 June were
deported 1600 farmers) At that time there were 390
thous. farmers (average holding 8,5 ha)
In 1951 there were 3000 collective farms (their aver.
area -1340 ha), in 1960 – 1900 collective farms
(their aver. area -1990 ha)
In 1989 – 830 collective farms (their aver. area -3930 ha)
Collective farmers owned up to 0,6 ha
The structure of farmers
Since 1990
In 1993 there were 6000 agricultural
companies 500 thous. farmers.
In 2000 - 2300 agricultural companies
400 thous. farmers
The structure of agricultural
land
The area of agricultural land – 4 mill. ha (61 %)
The area of agricultural crops – 3,4 mill. ha(53 %)
Including arable land – 2,9 mill. ha (85 %
of the country‘s territory)
Meadows, pastureland – 0,45 mill. ha
(13,5 % from the crops area)
Gardens
– 0,04 mill. ha
(1,3 % from the crops area)
Land quality classification
started in 1926
Changes in crop areas, thous. ha
Crops
Year
1939
1950
1970
1990
2005
Grain crops
1687
1493
856
1084
885
Including
rye
567
504
159
168
60
Wheat
207
186
130
346
283
Barley
222
109
437
398
296
Oats
380
373
53
77
48
No data
124
59
82
21
Flax
86
76
54
23
10
Beet roots
9
26
26
21
26
203
225
174
112
93
Maize
-
-
84
78
14
Rapes
-
-
-
11
67
Legumes
Potatoes
Crop yield t/ha
Crops
Year
1985
1990
2000
2005
Grain crops
2,50
3,01
2,68
3,03
Including
rye
2,14
2,80
2,34
2,46
Wheat
2,77
3,39
3,56
3,61
Barley
2,62
2,99
2,43
2,93
Oats
2,10
2,53
1,87
2,37
Legumes
2,31
2,44
1,84
2,32
0,42
0,44
0,83
0,54
Beet roots
27
28
32
38
Potatoes
14
14
16
15
Maize
31
28
28
28
Rapes
-
2,2
2,2
1,8
Flax
Stockbreeding production thous. t
Year
Production
1939
1945
1950
1970
1990
180
110
190
390
530
1240
710
850
2490
3160
Meat
Dairy
products
The structure of vegetables
Year 1935
Cabbage
Beans
Beetroots
Carrots
Onions
- 37 %
- 17 %
- 16 %
- 14 %
- 10 %
The structure of vegetables
Year 1980
Cabbbage
Green peas
Carrots
Beetroots
Cucumbers
Onions
- 25 %
- 18 %
- 16 %
- 15 %
- 10 %
-4%
The structure of fruit trees
Year 1930
Apple trees
Cherry trees
Pear treesd
Plum trees
- 42 %
- 36 %
- 11 %
- 11 %
The structure of fruit trees
At present
Gardens occupy 38 thous. ha
They produce 1 % of agricultural production.
Prevail apple trees. 80 % of berry production
comprise currents and strawberries
Amelioration (applying
drainage) thous. ha
In 1925
In 1930
In 1935
In 1940
In 1950
In 1960
In 1980
In 1990
- 0,1
- 1,2
- 5,7
- 4,9
- 0,9
- 156
- 490
- 180
Mechanization in agricultural
sector
Up to the middle of the 20th century horses
In 1920 tractors started to be used
Number of tractors in
agricultural sector
In 1945
In 1950
In 1955
In 1990
In 2002
- 340
- 3250
- 8600
- 73000
- 111000
Significance of agricultural
sector in the economy of the
country
Year 2003
GDP
- 56 mlrd. Lt
Share of agricultural production within
GDP - 4,1 mlrd. Lt (7,3 %)