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Joaquín Arenas Barbero Subdirector General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación FIG. 1. POLICY CONSEQUENCES OF THE BUSH DOCTRINE ISSUE Emphasis/ investments Recruitment and retention Clinical research Populations NIH Basic research funded 2:1 vs. clinical research Basic researchers Intramural programs and draft Import patients with rare diseases; no health care system affiliations Medical schools Facilitated basic research promotions and space allocation Ph.D.’s nearly exclusively Nonexistent Left to AHCs AHCs Facilitated basic vs. clinical research space allocation and core infrastructures M.D./Ph.D.’s => ? clinical investigators of the future Largely relegated to industry and pharmaceutical trials Left to industry Proof of principle General Clinical Research Centers (came later) 1. The Mayo Clinic Center forTranslational Science Activities 1. National Institutes Health Cinical and Translational Science Awards Tool Box: “Best Practice” for medical research in Europe: Primary goals: •Strong basic research •Strong clinical research •Strong translational research: bringing basic research knowledge into clinical practice, and vice versa -- all three of the above being facilitated by interdisciplinary research and public–private partnerships Tool Box: “Best Practice” for medical research in Europe: Tools to reach these goals: people •Career track schemes with attractive possibilities for researchers taking advantage of co-funding strategy •European Medical Scientific Training Programme (EMSTP) for physicians and scientists scaling up existing successful initiatives •The highest level of research ethics, and no scientific misconduct EMRC and medical and translational sciences training Training and career track schemes with attractive possibilities for researchers i) Specific measures to reinforce training of medical doctors (MDs) in science, and training of scientists in medicine or more clinical disciplines, to enhance the continuum from basic to translational and clinical research and vice versa. University hospitals, will play a major role in combining high-level training programmes and world-class research centres. ii) Well-defined recruitment policies to establish a balance between short-term and tenured or longer-term career positions, with more visibility and career prospects, iii) Incentives for encouraging geographic as well as inter-sector mobility of researchers during their professional lives Outlook: Future Policy Challenges •Keep up with increasing number of publications/patents •Keep up with established trend of GERD funds, from >1% of GDP to reach 2% y 2010 •Identify reasons for brain drain of young researchers •Lack of private initiative (funding) compared to countries like United Kingdom or France •Reform of university hospitals in Spain and increase the number of biomedical research institutions •Create a clear professional career for the biomedical researcher •Increase the numbers of medical doctors who divide their activity between practice and research MUCHAS GRACIAS