Transcript www.informatica.sip.ipn.mx

What does water cost
and why does it matter?
Valuation of Water: Origination,
Resources and Delivery
A.C.Jost, P.Eng.
Consulate of Switzerland
What should be considered?
Competing interests: human consumption vs.
productive uses: agriculture, energy, industry&
eco-system support
Areas for consideration:
Social, economic & environmental
Full
Supply Cost
& Governance
Full
Administration
Economic Cost
Limits
97.4% Sea Water
●
Less than ¾% of all the
water on earth is
freshwater, available to
use
●
60% found in 9 countries
●
China:
20% global population
6% global fresh water
68.7% Frozen
Where is it going?
70% Agriculture
15% Energy
8% Municipal
7% Industry-mfg & mining
Energy for Water
Transmission
Purification
Wastewater
Extraction
Thermoelectric
Cooling
Hydropower
Extraction
Refining
Water for Energy
Why does it matter?
Water security
Security
Today:
2050:
7.2 billion
billion
Food
9
What does it cost now?
US:
$0.11/m3
Mexico: $0.49/m3
Denmark: $6.70/m3
A case in point: Iran
Water:
●
200mm rain,
●
⅓ global average
●
75% rain over 25% land,
●
71% evaporation
●
76mn people,
●
Water used in agriculture?
16%
2 in last 40yrs
92%
●
Agriculture % GDP 13%
●
Agricultural Employment 23%
Cost?
surface
$ 3-5/1000m3
$ 5-
9/1000m3 ground
Price?(agri.)
0.80/1000m3
$0.20 -
Waste?
60%
Iran - Oil Fields
Energy:
●
●
2nd largest natural gas reserves,
17% global
4th largest petroleum reserves,
10% global
Price?
US$0.27/l
Consumption?
50% last 10yrs
15 x Japan
10 x Europe
3 x Global avg
2.5 x Middle
East
Satellite Images of Lake Urmia
1984
2012
Where do we find the water?
●
●
●
●
●
Full water cost - no decreasing tiers
Biggest gains: improving agricultural yields
Investment in maintenance to capture 15% leak loss
Universal SMART water metering
Policies to support water re-use:
 wastewater
 greywater
 rainfall capture
● Biofuels - severe limits: no irrigation or arable land