Transcript VOCATIONAL TRAINING - Indian Merchants' Chamber

VOCATIONAL
TRAINING
SOLUTION TO INDIA’S UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM
By: Dr. Lalit S. Kanodia
Ph.D. (MIT, USA)
18-Feb-2014
INDIA’S EDUCATION HISTORY
1. Rama – Guru Vishvamitra
2. Taxshila
3. Nalanda
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TAKSHILA (600 BC TO 500 AD)
1. World’s first University.
2. Had 68 subjects.
3. Had 10,500 students, including overseas.
Entered at age 16.
4. Chanakya / Kautilya was a Professor here.
a. PM to Chandragupta Maurya. 322 BC.
b. Wrote Arthashastra.
c.
Performed first caesarean operation on
Chandragupta’s wife.
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NALANDA (427 BC TO 1197 AD)
1. Had 8 colleges.
2. Had 300 lecture halls.
3. Residential University.
4. Admitted 3 out of 10 students.
5. Had 10,000 students from worldwide.
6. Had 2,000 Professors.
7. Had 90 lac manuscripts in the library.
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ILLITERACY
India
Sri Lanka
Myanmar
25% to 33%
9%
7%
Though India has created IITs and IIMs, our
Education Policy has been our one of our biggest
failures.
INDIA HAS THE LARGEST
ILLITERATES IN THE WORLD
NUMBER
OF
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INDIA
120 crores
50 crores
24 crores
People
Workforce
Students
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EMPLOYMENT –
23.5 crores
26.5 crores
50 crores
Agriculture
Other
Total
TODAY
50 CRORES
47%
53%
16% of GDP
84% of GDP
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STUDENTS – 23 CRORES
Schools
Colleges
Vocations
Total
22.80 crores In 13 lac schools
1.5 crores
In 25,000 colleges
11 lacs
In 7,500 ITI etc.
23 crores
India produces ≈ 25 lac graduates / year.
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PERCENTAGE EMPLOYMENT IN
AGRICULTURE
USA
Sweden
Spain
Switzerland
Mauritius
Malaysia
2%
2%
4%
4%
8%
13%
Turkey
Yemen
Philippines
Sri Lanka
India
24%
25%
32%
39%
47%
Hence, ≈ 10 crore farmers will finally migrate.
They will need jobs !
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JOB CREATION
1. Education must cater to the needs of Society
and not be an ivory tower.
2. India needs to create 1.2 crore jobs / year.
3. These jobs will only come via vocations.
4. Today, > 30% graduates are unfit for a job.
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VOCATIONAL TRAINING /
APPRENTICESHIP
1. Oldest method of learning. Father to son.
2. Articled clerks in CAs.
3. Assistants to Doctors.
4. Vocational
between
Training
requires
Partnership
• Government
• Colleges
• Industry
• Chambers of Commerce
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EDUCATION SYSTEM
1. Schools
2. Conventional Colleges – Arts, Science,
Commerce
–
3. Technical
Education
Medicine, etc.
4. Newer
Disciplines
Management, etc.
–
Engineering,
MBA,
Hotel
5. VOCATIONS
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SHOW STOPPERS
1. Act of Parliament e.g. Germany.
2. Labor Laws: Minimum wages, PF, ESIC.
3. Much greater Government Push.
4. Public Awareness.
5. Today Administration of Vocational Training is
diffused – Department of Labor, Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of HRD.
6. Apprenticeship Act needs to be over hauled.
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COUNTRIES ADVANCED IN
VOCATIONAL TRAINING
1. Germany
2. Japan
3. USA – Community Colleges
4. President Koehler , Germany (2010)
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CENTRAL BUDGET FOR
VOCATIONAL TRAINING
1. Government
set-up
a
National
Skills
Development Corporation in 2008 with a
capital of Rs 10 crores !
2. Budget for FY 2012-13 provides Rs 1,000
crores for Vocational Education.
3. Punjab Government is setting up 2,500 skill
development centres at a cost of Rs 3,300
crores which will train 4 lac students.
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THE GERMAN MODEL
1. Vocational Training setup in 1880s.
2. About 50% of High School students go for vocational
training in 344 trades. They get ⅓ salary as stipend.
3. State and local governments setup schools, industry
provides on job training and Chamber of Commerce, the
exams.
4. One in 3 companies offer apprenticeships.
5. Germany has a Vocational Training Act 1969 which has
350 recognized programs.
6. Germany has a “Federal Institute for Vocational Training
& Education”.
7. 20 lac students are enrolled in Vocational Training vs 11
lacs in India.
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SUMMARY
1. About 50% of students should be in Vocational
Training and 50% in conventional colleges. Today
only 7% students are in Vocational Training.
2. India needs to create 1.2 crore jobs per year.
These jobs will mainly come from Vocations.
3. About 10 crore farmers will migrate to other
occupations. They will need jobs.
4. Enrolment in Vocational Training needs to increase
from 11 lacs to 150 lacs.(FICCI Report - 2010).
5. Vocational Training needs joint action of the
Government, Colleges, Industry and Chambers of
Commerce.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Create a Act of Parliament, similar to the
German Vocational Training Act, 1969.
2. Revise PF, ESIC, Bonus and other Acts,
relating to stipend to Apprentices.
3. Overhaul the Apprenticeship Act.
4. Centralize Vocational Training
Ministry of Education (HR).
under
the
5. Increase Government budgets on Vocational
Training.
6. Seek help from Germany, Japan,
(President Koehler). E.g. IIT & IIM.
etc.
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