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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
A SUMMARY NOTE ON REVISED
GDP ESTIMATES
COVERING 1998-2007
TURKEY
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
I. INTRODUCTION
– A more relevant conceptual framework
that reflects contemporary requirements
for measuring Turkey’s economic and
financial conditions.
– Ensures comparability of Turkey’s
statistics with other countries.
– Enables Turkey to meet data
requirements of international
organizations.
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
II.TURKEY’S NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
HISTORICAL REVISION AND FUTURE
PLAN
– Comprehensive revisions of Turkish National
Accounts System
•
•
•
•
Base Year
Base Year
Base Year
Base Year
1948
1968
1987
1998
( Published in 1950 )
( Published in 1972 )
( Published in 1993 )
( Published in 2008 )
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
– A major undertaking of several years of intense
efforts that improved measure of economic activities,
understandability of accounts and harmonization with
international standards
– Steps to inform users of major changes:
• Strategic Plan 2007-2011
• Official Statistical Program 2007-2011
• Presentation performed by Turkstat during screening
process, which is part of EU accession process.
• Meetings with the press
• Discussion with major users,
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
III. OVERVIEW OF MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS
TO TURKEY’S NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
1998-2007
– The international guidelines for compiling national accounts and
GDP.
• European System of Accounts 1995 replaced the 1968 SNA
– Current situation in Turkey vis-à-vis the guidelines
• Turkstat was compiling GDP on the basis on the 1968 SNA
• Turkstat has a two-phase program for implementing the ESA 95
– First, implementation in March of 2008
– Second phase is elaborated in Turkstat’s Strategic Plan 20072011
– Historical revisions come from three types of improvements
• Definitions, classifications, and other methodological improvements
• Improvements to source data
• Improvements to statistical techniques
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
IV. MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS TO TURKEY’S
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
– The 2002 Census of Industry and Business Establishments
• Better coverage of production of goods and services, particularly for
manufacturing industries, updated business register leading to improved
results from future sample surveys.
– The Labor Force Survey (LFS)
• Improved LFS sample size increases accuracy, content is expanded.
• Results in improvements to the adjustments for the Non-Observed
Economy (better exhaustiveness)
– The 2000 Building Census and the Number of Electricity Subscribers.
• Improved data on the number of dwellings which is used in the estimates of
paid and imputed rents by type of dwelling and heating system.
– The 2001 Farm Census
• Updates and improves technical coefficients utilized for estimation of the
sector’s value added
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
– Improvements to the commodity flow system
• Improves the identification of goods used in intermediate
consumption, investment, and household consumption
• Improves the indirect estimates of selected components of final
demand (GDP by expenditure) and selected adjustments to
production (e.g., construction).
– Improved Supply and Use tables for 2002, basis for benchmark
year
• The 2002 Supply-Use and Input-Output Tables is the first table
compiled by the concepts, definitions and classifications of the
1995 European System of Accounts (ESA’95).
– Financial Services measured according to ESA 95
• Measurement of the “Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly
Measured” (FISIM) according to ESA 95
• A portion of FISIM is allocated to final consumption (final demand),
which would increase GDP by the portion of FISIM that is used in
final demand
• A portion of FISIM is allocated to intermediate consumption in GDP
by production approach.
• Central Bank output is measured as sum of costs.
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
– Introduction of a revised base year (1998)
• Improves the accuracy of constant price GDP
– Adoption of chain-linking method in constant price
estimation
• Gives more accurate aggregate volume growth rate
• Adoption of Unit value indices at constant price estimation of
exports/imports of goods.
– Measurement at basic prices (GDP by Production
Approach)
• The VAT (and other taxes and subsidies on products) are
now shown as a separate component of GDP
– No net impact on GDP, but better measurement of
value added
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T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
– Classification systems based on ESA 95 and other international
standards
• New classification of industries (NACE Rev. 1) and private
household consumption (COICOP) will facilitate international
comparison
• Reclassification of some components of GDP by industries (such
as government production, which is now allocated to public
administration, health, and education)
– Free Trade Zones is included in economic territory of country
– Government Final Consumption is split up two categories.
» Individual Final Consumption Expenditure of Government
» Collective Final Consumption Expenditure of Government
– Final Consumption Expenditure of Households is divided into
four groups
• Final consumption expenditure of resident and non-resident
households on the economic territory
• Final consumption expenditure of resident households in abroad.
• Final consumption expenditure of non-resident households on the
economic territory.
• Final consumption expenditure of resident households.
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