Transcript Prezentacja programu PowerPoint

Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
[email protected]
World Economy Research Institute
Warsaw School of Economics
The Visegrad countries’ innovative capacities
and cluster cooperation
Institute for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Budapest
07.11.2014
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Innovation as a key driver for competitiveness
 Greater value added in production now comes from knowledge
 The role of innovations is increasing in comparison to traditional factors of
production: capital, labour and land.
 It is estimated that about 2/3 of economic growth in world economy is
connected with innovations.
 Total-factor productivity (TFP) (Solow residual):
 the effects in total output not explained by the amount of inputs used in
production.
 the efficiency of combining production factors
 a measure of an economy’s long-term technological change
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3
Moderate innovators’ innovation performance (SII), with focus on V4 countries
Italy - IT
0.443
Czech Republic - CZ
0.422
Spain - ES
0.414
Portugal - PT
0.41
Greece - EL
0.384
Hungary - HU
0.351
Slovakia - SK
0.328
Malta - MT
0.319
Croatia - HR
0.306
Lithuania - LT
0.289
Poland - PL
0.279
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Based on data from: European Commission. Enterprise and Industry (2014), Innovation Union Scoreboard 2014.
0.5
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How to measure the level of
innovativeness of the economy?
PL
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Basic indicators describing the innovative ability of the Visegrad countries (2012)
Indicator
Czech
Republic
Hungary
Poland
Slovak
Republic
1 GERD as a percentage of GDP
1.88
1.3
0.9
0.82
2 BERD as a percentage of GDP
1.01
0.85
0.33
0.34
3 HERD, % of GDP
0.52
0.24
0.31
0.28
4 GOVERD, % of GDP
0.35
9
0.25
0.20
5 Industry-financed GERD as a
percentage of GDP
6 Total R&D personnel per
thousand total employment
7 Venture capital, % of GDP
0.68
0.61
0.29
0.31
11.86
8.72
5.86
8.16
0.003
0.066
0.002
no data
8 Investments on intangible
fixed assets, % of total GFCF
5.855
4.583
3.16
3.861
Based on data extracted on 11 Oct 2014 and 21 Oct 2014 from OECD.Stat.
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Relations between basic and applied research expenditures and BERD financed by
abroad in the Visegrad countries
49
%
50
45
40
35
30
25
36
34
29
27
20
21
20
18
25
17
13
15
8
10
5
0
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Slovak Republic
Basic research expenditures, % of total R&D expenditures (2011)
Applied research expenditures, % of total R&D expenditures (2011)
Percentage of BERD financed by abroad
Based on data extracted on 11 Oct 2014 and 21 Oct 2014 from OECD.Stat.
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Basic indicators describing the innovative position of the V4 countries
(relative, standardised values)
Product, process
innovators
10
9
8
Organisational and
marketing
innovators
7
Internet users
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCT patent
applications
Wireless subscribers
Fixed broadband
subscribers
Czech Republic
Hungary
Trademarks
Poland
Based on data extracted on 15 Oct 2014 from OECD.Stat.
Slovak Republic
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Innovation capacity in high-technology sectors
Czech
Republic
Indicator
Hungary
Poland
Slovak
Republic
% of BERD performed in the
pharmaceutical industry
2.88
25.97
4.85
3.88
% of BERD performed in the computer,
electronic and optical ind.
3.18
6.81
2.99
1.49
% of BERD performed in the aerospace
industry
1.57
no data
2.53
no data
Innovation position in high-technology sectors
Czech
Republic
Indicator
Hungary
Poland
Slovak
Republic
Export market share: Pharmaceuticals
0.34
0.94
0.48
0.08
Export market share: Computer.
electronic and optical industry
1.12
0.92
0.61
0.61
Export market share: Aerospace
0.2
0.04
0.52
0.01
Exports, high tech., %
0.208
0.313
0.103
0.188
Exports, medium-high tech., %
0.453
0.404
0.376
0.43
Based on data extracted on 15 Oct 2014 from OECD.Stat.
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CLUSTERS
Cluster – geographic concentration of interconnected companies
and associated institutions in particular fields that compete but
also cooperate (M.E. Porter).
Cooperation + Competition =
COOPETITION
Triple-helix concept
initiated by Etzkowitz (1993);
Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (1995)
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Different aspects of clusters and innovations
Geographic concentration
Polarisation
Innovative
push and
pull
Proximity
From linear to
interactive
model of
innovation
process
Synergy and
spillovers
Interactions
Different actors
(vertical dimension)
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Linkages
Sectoral
concentration
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(horizontal dimension)
Location quotients (LQ) for employment for Polish NUTS 4 regions in
the background of formal cluster initiatives
Source: A.M. Kowalski (2013)
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Internationalization of cluster initiatives
as a new phase in the development of clusters
Some of the positive aspects of inter-cluster cooperation in the Visegrad
countries include:
 technology transfer, and exchange of experience, good practices, and
information (for example about market needs or existing cluster
policies in different countries),
 broadening the base of partners, and networks of cooperation,
 access to new markets, and customers,
 marketing possibilities on the international level,
 cooperation on common research, development, and innovation (RDI)
projects,
 common business, mutual purchases, trade cooperation.
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V4 Memorandum of Understanding on Co-operation
in the field of the Cluster Development of the V4 countries
• Signed at the V4 Economic Ministerial Meeting in Budapest on 26
November 2009.
• The parties:
 agreed to promote the better mutual understanding of the clusters
of V4 countries,
 collaborate in development of clusters and to encourage crossborder cooperation between cluster initiatives, for example by
establishing shared points of information,
 stressed the importance of intensive promotion of Research,
Development and Innovation (R&D&I) aspects in associations
engaged in clustering processes.
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The ClusterCOOP Project
• led in 2011-2014 by the Hungarian Ministry of National Economy in the
framework of the EU’s Central Europe Programme.
• Three specific objectives defined by Partners of that programme were
to:
1)
enhance existing and create new synergies among national and
regional cluster policies and funding frameworks,
2) facilitate emerging industry development through cross regional
cluster cooperation,
3) promote the flow of information between cluster initiatives and
provide a common knowledge base to facilitate cooperation.
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Boosting V4 Cooperation through Strategic Cluster Identification,
Networking and Informatisation – V4 Clusters Project
(since October 2013 to December 2014)
Three main activities:
• Identification of cluster organizations within the Visegrad countries,
resulting in a creation of cluster databases classified according to geographical
location, sector, lifecycle and current V4 cooperation activities.
• Networking and cluster match-making events, with participation of cluster
partners both within the value chain and the complementary sectors for
establishing collaborative cluster networks.
• Informatisation of the identified cluster data, which are made accessible via a
communication interactive portal
(as for now – database of 120 cluster initiatives in Excel file)
4 of November 2014, Ostrava: Establishment of the V4Clusters Board
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Main foreign partners for Polish cluster initiatives
The results of the survey research on international cooperation of cluster
initiatives in Poland, 2012 [n=50]
58% of analyzed cluster initiatives in Poland cooperates with foreign
partners, from:
• Germany (15 (30%) cluster initiatives in Poland),
• Spain (8),
• Italy (6),
• Austria and the United Kingdom (5).
• Hungary, Finland, France, Latvia, Sweden (4),
• Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Portugal and Ukraine (3),
• Czech Republic, Greece and USA (2).
• Slovak Republic, Albania, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, India, Israel, South
Korea, Mexico, Norway, New Zealand, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland and
Turkey (1).
Based on: A.M. Kowalski (2013)
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Thank you
[email protected]
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