Transcript Social protection in Asia

Rapid assessment methodology
and experience - Relevance for
Cambodia
Valerie Schmitt, Social Security Specialist,
ILO DWT Bangkok
Skill Training Workshop to diagnostic the
extension of Social Protection and
Promoting Employment
Phnom Penh, 2-4 Nov 2011
Agenda
• Assessment methodology & some concrete
examples
• Countries where the assessment has been
conducted/is planned & main achievements
• Relevance for Cambodia?
Assessment methodology
MATRIX (INVENTORY OF SCHEMES,
 ASSESSMENT
GAPS AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES,
RECOMMENDATIONS)
 NATIONAL DIALOGUE # 1
PROTOCOL: DATA COLLECTION FOR THE
 RAP
COSTING, TRANSLATION OF THE
RECOMMENDATIONS INTO SCENARIOS, COSTING
SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
 NATIONAL DIALOGUE # 2
OF THE ASSESSMENT REPORT,
 FINALIZATION
TRANSLATION, DISCUSSION WITH POLICY MAKERS,
DECISION ON NEXT STEPS
NATIONAL DIALOGUE
 Assessment matrix
• The assessment based national dialogue uses the Social
Protection Floor framework to assess the whole Social
Security situation (and not just non-contributory Social
Protection schemes)
• According to the SPF framework, all the population
should enjoy four guarantees
–
–
–
–
Access to health care
Income security for children
Minimum income for the working age
Income security for the elderly and the disabled
• Is it the case in the given country?
 Assessment matrix
Recommendations/
Existing
provision Gaps/issues priorities
s are
What
Recommendations
Health care
existing
Analysis: Is all
•New schemes
programs? population
•Expansion of
Income security
covered? Are
existing schemes
for children
benefits
•Higher levels of
adequate?
benefits
Minimum income
Other issues??
for working age
Policy gaps &
Implementation
Income security
issues
for elderly/disabled
 Assessment matrix - Thailand
Describe present and planned
SP provisions: legal framework,
overview of schemes,
indicators
SPF Guarantees: Health /
Children / Working Age /
Elderly
Identify design gaps
and implementation
issues
Priority policy
options decided
through national
dialogue
 Assessment matrix
The assessment matrix answers three questions:
• Does the country has already a complete SPF?
• What is missing? What is not functioning?
• What can be recommended to fill the SPF gap?
National dialogue # 1
• Objectives:
– Share the SPF concept and framework
– Discuss the diagnostic made of Social Security
situation with main stakeholders
– Complete the Assessment Matrix
– Formulate jointly (in group works using the World
Café exercise or Jeopardy…) recommendations to
bridge the Social Protection gaps and overcome
implementation issues
 Example of recommendations on health in Indonesia
National dialogue # 1
Recommendations on Health in Indonesia
 R1- Develop & apply a specific benefits package that can be guaranteed by the
Jamkesmas program, establish a checklist of services and interventions that
should be available at the different levels of the health care pyramid (health
clinics, centers, hospitals…), ensure that HC staff is sufficiently trained and
available to provide at least the services included under benefit package, inform
beneficiaries on the guaranteed benefit package and establish control /
monitoring and appeals mechanisms (hot line)
*
R2- Include other costs such as transportation costs in the benefit package of the
Jamkesmas program
 R3- Improve Jamkesmas database of members and targeting methods
 R4- Improve payment methods/procedures/tools of hospitals under the
Jamkesmas program by reviewing existing tools and methods and sharing an
updated database of members with all health care infrastructures
 R5- Improve reception of patients (covered by Jamkesmas) in HC infrastructures
 R6- Increase enforcement of Jamsostek Law in the private sector (by establishing
adapted supervisory & labour inspection mechanisms – see the TWIN service
developed in China)
National dialogue # 1
 R7 - Design adapted enrolment & contribution mechanisms for Informal Economy
sector (e.g. the creation of professional or area based associations, the
development of micro- insurance schemes to facilitate enrolment and collection
of premiums and serve as “agents” for Jamsostek)
 R8 - Develop a Database and mapping of informal economy workers (for the
above to take effect)
*
R9 - Explore the possibility of extending Jamkesmas to all informal economy
workers or a larger part of informal economy workers, notably those not targeted
by Jamsostek (cost calculation, fiscal space analysis, learning from experiences in
Bali and other provinces that have expanded coverage to the whole provincial
population)
 R10 – Support the development of regulations for the implementation of the Law
40, 2004 on the coverage of Informal Economy workers - or if not at national level,
start in a few provinces
 R11- Expand benefit packages of PT Askes and PT Jamsostek to include more
diseases and provide higher levels of benefits
*
R12- Calculate the additional cost of covering HIV-AIDS related care by all schemes
Assessment methodology
MATRIX (INVENTORY OF SCHEMES,
 ASSESSMENT
GAPS AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES,
RECOMMENDATIONS)
 NATIONAL DIALOGUE # 1
PROTOCOL: DATA COLLECTION FOR THE
 RAP
COSTING, TRANSLATION OF THE
RECOMMENDATIONS INTO SCENARIOS, COSTING
SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
 NATIONAL DIALOGUE # 2
OF THE ASSESSMENT REPORT,
 FINALIZATION
TRANSLATION, DISCUSSION WITH POLICY MAKERS,
DECISION ON NEXT STEPS
NATIONAL DIALOGUE
 RAP Protocol
LABOUR MARKET
MODEL
GENERAL
GOVERNMENT
OPERATIONS
MODEL
MACROECONOMIC
MODEL
BENEFITS COSTING
EXERCISE
SUMMARY AND
RESULTS
DEMOGRAPHIC
FRAMEWORK
 Demographic data & projections
 Active population data & projections
 Economic data & projections
Inflation
Average and minimum wage
Poverty line
GDP
Useful for the
costing of
scenarios
Useful for cost of
new provisions in
% of GDP
 Economic data & projections
Government
expenditure
Useful for cost of
new provisions in
% of Government
expenditure
 RAP Protocol: translation of
recommendations into scenarios
Recommendations on Health
*
R2- Include other costs such as transportation costs in the benefit package of the
Jamkesmas program
*
R9 - Explore the possibility of extending Jamkesmas to all informal economy workers or
a larger part of informal economy workers, notably those not targeted by
Jamsostek
*
R12- Calculate the additional cost of covering HIV-AIDS related care by all schemes
Scenario 1: Extension of Jamkesmas to all informal economy workers
Scenario 2: Provision of higher levels of benefits under the Jamkesmas program
to all informal economy population
Scenario 3: Inclusion of HIV treatments and checkups for all the population
Scenario 4: Introduction of a universal package to reduce Mother to Child HIV
Transmission
 RAP Protocol: costing of scenarios
Scenario 1: Extension of Jamkesmas to all informal economy workers
To calculate the cost of scenario 1 we need to know:
1- The unit cost per head of the HC benefit package in 2011
2- The administrative costs in 2011
3- Inflation rates from 2011 to 2020 (both HC package cost and
admin cost will increase with inflation)
4- The percentage of population to be covered in 2011, 2012,
… 2020
5- The total population in 2011, 2012, … 2020
 RAP Protocol: costing of scenarios
Scenario 1: Extension of Jamkesmas to all informal economy workers
2011
Unit cost per head of
the HC benefit package
HC
Admin costs per head
AC
Inflation rate (ECO)
2012
2020
(1 + I 2012) * HC
(1 + I 2012) * AC
I 2012
Total population (POP)
Pop 2011
Pop 2012
Percentage of the
population covered
32.0%
40.0%
Total cost per year
(HC + AC) *
(HC 2012+ AC 2012)
Pop 2011 * 32%
* Pop 2012 * 40%
62.9%
 RAP Protocol: costing of scenarios
Scenario 1: Extension of Jamkesmas to all informal economy workers
Scenario 1: Extension of Jamkesmas to all informal economy workers
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
66,754
70,452
73,622
76,567
78,919
81,251
83,688
Admin cost per
head
1,609
1,691
1,748
1,798
1,834
1,867
1,902
Coverage (% of
total population)
32.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
62.9%
62.9%
5,183,62
4
6,916,
742
9,133,
983
11,520
,691
12,577
,568
Total in % GDP
0.07%
0.08%
0.10%
0.11%
Total in % Govt
Expenditure
0.38%
0.45%
0.53%
0.60%
Unit cost per head
Total cost in
million IDR
2018
2019
2020
88,785
91,448
1,939
1,977
2,016
62.9%
62.9%
62.9%
32.0%
13,088
,205
13,625,
442
14,180,
814
14,753
,397
15,344
,231
0.11%
0.10%
0.10%
0.09%
0.09%
0.09%
0.58%
0.55%
0.52%
0.49%
0.46%
0.44%
86,199
Status quo: without expanding coverage
Total in % GDP
0.07%
0.07%
0.06%
0.06%
0.06%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.04%
Total in % Govt
Expenditure
0.38%
0.36%
0.34%
0.32%
0.29%
0.28%
0.26%
0.25%
0.24%
0.22%
National dialogue # 2
• Objectives:
– Validate the assumptions used for the RAP protocol
– Share the result of the costing
– Confirm the scenarios or propose new scenarios
and cost them
– Train participants for the utilization of the costing
tool
Assessment methodology
MATRIX (INVENTORY OF SCHEMES,
 ASSESSMENT
GAPS AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES,
RECOMMENDATIONS)
 NATIONAL DIALOGUE # 1
PROTOCOL: DATA COLLECTION FOR THE
 RAP
COSTING, TRANSLATION OF THE
RECOMMENDATIONS INTO SCENARIOS, COSTING
SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
 NATIONAL DIALOGUE # 2
OF THE ASSESSMENT REPORT,
 FINALIZATION
TRANSLATION, DISCUSSION WITH POLICY MAKERS,
DECISION ON NEXT STEPS
NATIONAL DIALOGUE
 Finalization of the assessment
• Finalization of the assessment report
• Presentation & discussion with policy makers
 which recommendations will be implemented? which
institutions (Government, DPs…) will be involved?
• Start design & implementation : Extension of
existing schemes (more people covered, higher levels of
benefits) or Creating new schemes ; Trying to find solutions to
implementation issues …
Agenda
• Assessment methodology & some concrete
examples
• Countries where the assessment has been
conducted/is planned & main achievements
• Relevance for Cambodia?
Countries where the assessment has been
conducted/is planned
2011
Nov 2010
Workshop BKK
Viet Nam
Jan. April July
2012
Oct
March June
Dec. Adaptation
of the
methodology &
assessments in Viet Nam,
Indonesia and Thailand
Indonesia
Thailand
Vanuatu
Solomon Is.
Cambodia?
Philippines?
Lao PDR?
Development of the
methodology and
training of participants
from 5 countries & UN
The assessment methodology is used
systematically to review existing
Social Security situations and develop
National plans on SP (UNDAF, DWCP…)
Maximum duration: 6-7 months
May
Literature review &
consultations
Assessment matrix
completed through
workshops
Data collection for
Costing tool
Choice of
scenarios and cost
calculation
National validation
workshop
June
July
August
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec.
Relevant ministries, UN
Agencies …
9 May Maluku
5 July NTT
26 May, Jakarta
20 July East Java
Relevant ministries, UN
Agencies, Statistical
office
1-4 August
4 August
Finalization of
assessment report
Valerie is late…
Dissemination of
recommendations &
costing results
Consultations
Experts meeting 12-15 Dec
What was achieved?
Viet Nam
Indonesia
Thailand
Assessment matrix
Ongoing
Scenarios & costing
National dialogue
(#1,2)
(#1)
Report finalized
Ongoing
Dec 2011
Decisions of
extension by policy
makers & feasibility
studies
Nov-Dec
2011
Beginning
of 2012
Examples of results in Viet Nam
Examples of recommendations (Not
exhaustive):
– R1 - Elderly pension at the level of the
poverty line for elderly not covered by
the contributory pension
– R2 - Employment guarantee scheme of
100 days per household per year and
social assistance for those who are
unable to work
– R3 - Child allowance for all poor
children aged 0-15 years old
Cost in 2020:
0.7% GDP
0.8% GDP
0.6% GDP
Simulation of impacts on poverty rates of the different benefits
components of the Social Protection Floor
Examples of results in Viet Nam
• Recommendations included in the new DWCP
and ILO plan in Viet Nam
– Actuarial review of the old age pension scheme
and feasibility study of the extension of the non
contributory pension scheme
– Design and establishment of PWPs
• The child allowance component is being
supported by UNICEF
Examples of results in Indonesia
Examples of recommendations on
health care (Not exhaustive):
– R1- expand JAMKESMAS to all informal
economy (package US$8/year)
– R2- expand JAMKESMAS with higher
levels of benefits (package US$17/year
– R3- include HIV treatments and
checkups for all the population
– R4- universal package to reduce HIV
Transmission between mothers and
children
Cost in 2020:
0.09% GDP
0.18% GDP
0.3% GDP
0.01% GDP
Other recommendations on income security for
children, working age, the elderly…
Examples of results in Indonesia
• The ILO in the framework of the
implementation of the Indonesian Jobs Pact
will support the extension of health care
coverage, the design of a UI scheme and the
establishment of a SWS (to facilitate access to
employment and social protection)
Preliminary results in Thailand
• The assessment based national dialogue of
social protection in Thailand provided several
recommendations that are part of the UNPAF
on social protection
Agenda
• Assessment methodology & some concrete
examples
• Countries where the assessment has been
conducted/is planned & main achievements
• Relevance for Cambodia?
In Cambodia we don’t start from scratch
MATRIX (INVENTORY OF SCHEMES, GAPS AND IMPLEMENTATION
 ASSESSMENT
ISSUES, RECOMMENDATIONS)
We have:
We don’t have:
Inventory of schemes / situation
analysis … with the SPER and
other background documents
Agreement on gaps and
implementation issues
Indicators of coverage and
benefits level (with the SPER)
Next steps?
Joint recommendations on
the way forward
•Complete and consolidate the Assessment Matrix
at National level and in a few provinces
•Validation workshop of the Matrix
In Cambodia we don’t start from scratch
PROTOCOL: DATA COLLECTION FOR THE COSTING, TRANSLATION OF THE
 RAP
RECOMMENDATIONS INTO SCENARIOS, COSTING SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
We have:
We don’t have:
Data collection for the costing
(POP, EAP, ECO, Govt
Expenditure) – thanks to the
Social budget model
Shared recommendations
Assumptions & parameters to
translate the recommendations
into scenarios that can be
costed
Next steps?
•Come up with shared recommendations and
realistic scenarios
•This can be done through a national dialogue and
also field experience (in the provinces)
•Finalize the costing & train people to use the RAP
In Cambodia we don’t start from scratch
Once the Assessment matrix and RAP protocol are completed :
•Decisions on priority schemes
•Feasibility studies
•Pilot testing & rolling out phases
The Assessment matrix can then be used as a monitoring tool to
monitor the progress of the extension of social security coverage
(number of persons covered, levels of benefits), and should be
regularly updated.
The pilot testing of new schemes enables to refine the
parameters which are used for the cost calculations …
The Assessment process (matrix and RAP) is not a One time
exercise but can be repeated over time
… Take away message
• The assessment, based on social
protection floor framework, helps
assessing social security situation
and identifying priorities
• The recommendations are translated
into scenarios and the RAP protocol
gives an indication of their cost
• Feasibility studies need to be
conducted for the detailed design of
the new schemes
• Assessment matrix and RAP can be
repeated over time…