Transcript Slide 1

International Conference
WHY INVESTING IN SCENCE IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE?
Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 27-29, 2006
CROATIAN INNOVATION POLICY MEETS REALITY
Dr Jadranka Švarc
Institute for Social Sciences “Ivo Pilar”, Zagreb
e-mail: [email protected]
Dr Emira Bečić
Ministry of Science, Education and Sports
[email protected]
Starting points of the presentation
Innovation system in Croatia is rather complex but not coherent
set of institutions mutually interrelated to pursue the same
mission of “using knowledge for development”
It is laging behind NISs of other European countries
(benchmark analysis)
Innovation policy in Croatia is not an integrated policy but a
narrowly-shaped program for fostering science-industry
cooperation
Therefore, the Croatian innovation policy should “meet the
reality” and to be adjusted to the specific development needs
of Croatia determined by
•technology advancements
•economic progress and
•social maturity
of the country for using
innovation (knowledge) as a
main driving force of economic
growth.
Content of the presentation
Presentation consists of the three parts:
1. Current state of
a. Croatian NIS - institutional and
organizational set-up, main stakeholders…
b. Croatian innovation policy – policy framework
(documents), main programs and
instruments…
2. Results of the pilot benchmark analysis of the
Croatian NIS and NISs of EU countries to stress
the critical points of the Croatian NIS
3. Brief discussion of the socio-cultural inertia and the
lack of policy learning that are perceived as the
main obstacles to faster development of Croatia
Beginnings…
Since 2000 Croatia made significant effort in establishing national innovation system
and introducing innovation policy
These endeavors were additionally supported by the
Accession negotiations with the European Union (EU)
opened on the 4th October 2005
….brought Lisbon and Barcelona targets into strategic policy agendas of Croatia
The screening processes for both the sectors
R&D and HE
(Chapter 25)
Innovation policy
(Chapter 20. 2)
...have been successfully finalized with overall conclusions that:
• From the legal and institutional point of Croatian systems are harmonized
with the acquis
• Further development is needed…..
Institutional set-up for R&D and innovation in Croatia (1/2)
PUBLIC
SECTOR
Parliament
High level
political
authorities
Policy
formulation
and
implementation
Administrative
and evaluation
bodies
Intermediary
and financial
bodies
Research
performers
Support
PRIVATE
SECTOR
Government
Ministry of Science, Education and
Sports (MSES)
Ministry of Economy, Labour
and Entrepreneurship (MELE)
National Scientific
Council (NSC)
National Council for Higher
Education (NCHE)
Agency for Science
and HE
Science and Higher Education
Funding Council
Croatian Chamber of
Commerce
Regional Chambers
Scientific
Scientific
Committee 1- 6
Scientific
Committee
1- 6
Committee 1- 6
National Foundation for Science,
HE and Technological
Development (NFS)
Technological Council
Council for the
Croatian NIS
Interdisciplinary
Control Group
BICRO
Regional/local authorities
Croatian Academy of Sciences and
Arts (HAZU)
Universities
Scientific
infomation
(CARnet...)
Public institutes
Technicl infrastructure
(norms, statistics,
measurement...)
/infrastructure
Croatian Institute for Technology (HIT)
International foundations
Associations
National Competitivenness
Council
Contract Research
HITRA
programme
Other R&D bodies (e.g.
HAZU, health care units)
Transfer Centers
Technology
centers
Development Centers
SMEs
Large and
Multinational
companies
Corporate
institutes
Independent
commercial
Institutes
Institutional framework for innovation policy
management and implementation (2/2)
Minister
State Secretary for Science
Assistant to the Minister for
Science
Science Directorate
Technological Council
DEPARTMENT FOR
ANALYSIS AND
MONITORING OF THE
TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Council of the Croatian
Innovation System
Interministerial Control Group
BICRO
Unit for the Intelectual property
rights in academic sector
Croatian Institute for
Technology (HIT)
Technology centers
Technical infrastructure (state
offices for standards,
measuremnts, patents, statistics,
etc)
Documents relevant for innovation policy
1996 The National Science and Research Program
2001 Croatian Program for Innovative Technological Development
(HITRA)
2002 “Croatia based on knowledge and the application of knowledge”
adopted by Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
2003 Strategy of Development of the Republic of Croatia in the 21
Century- Science”
2004 Strategic plan of the National Foundation for Science 2004 – 2008
2004 55 recommendations of The National Competitiveness Council for
increased competitiveness of Croatia
2006 National Science and Technology Policy 2005-2010 accepted by the
National Scientific Council
2006 Strategic Framework for Development 2006-2013, Central State
Office for Strategic Developmnet (15.05. 2006)
The first innovation policy program -Program
HITRA
Croatian Program for Innovative Technological Development
First government innovation policy program (adopted in 2001)
Purpose: building up efficient national innovation system
Long term goals:
• Fostering science-industry cooperation
• Revitalization of industrial R&D
• Encouraging commercialization of the research results
Current tasks:
- Specialy designed to foster science –industry cooperation
- Provides a framework for direct cooperation between entrepreneurs and
scientific institutes/universities
Sub-Programs
T
E
S
T
Technology
projects
Knowledge-based
comp.
Type of projects
Targets of the policy measures
“Simple”
technology
projects (TP)
commercially promising products,
processes and services prior to their
commercial use (prototype/pilot stage)
“Collaborative”
technology
projects (STIRP)
multidisciplinary, cooperative research for
launching new or developing the existing
technological areas
Nucleus
(Jezgre)
Research and technological NUCLEUS
concentration of R&D resources (experts,
equipment, instruments) to gain critical
mass for research based services
RAZUM
commercialization of research through
companies (start-up, spin-offs,
expansion….)
HITRA – Main policy instruments
TEST
RAZUM
Budget grants for research projects Subsidies to companies for research and
contracted among entrepreneurs and
development (30% of the total project
research institutions
value)
Budget grants for prototypes, pilot plans, Favourable commercial loans with the
feasibility studies
interest equalling the discount rate of the
Croatian National Bank;
Arrangements of IPR among partners
Conditional loans in case of risk projects and
academic spin-offs
Re-payment 21% of grants to MSES in case
of commercialization of research results
“On
the spot” monitoring
implementation
of
Foundation of the Technology council
project
HITRA Programs
RAZUM – Knowledge based companies
1/3 (37) projects proposals were selected for financing
22 projects relates
to start-up companies
16 projects are
intended for
companies expansion plans
TEST – technology projects
482 projects applications - received
252 projects
selected for
financial support
150 projects
accomplished
102 projects
in progress
Other programs related to innovation
policy
Programs of the National Foundation for Science (NFS)
1.
-
“Partnership in basic research“ (launched in 2005)
Aimed at attracting investments from industry and
entrepreneurship to basic research in Croatia
2.
-
Program “Brain Gain - Visitor" (launched in 2004)
Aimed at encouraging researchers resident
outside Croatia to carry out research project in
Croatia incl. industry
Institutional infrastructure of
the Croatian innovation system – initiated by the MSES
•Business and Innovation Centre of Croatia
(BICRO)
•The Croatian Institute for Technology (HIT)
•Centre for Technology Transfer (CTT), Zagreb
Technology and Innovation
Centre, Osijek
Centre for Innovative
Technology Rijeka (TIC)
1. Four technology and innovation Centres
Centre for Technology Transfer (CTT), Zagreb
Technology Centre Split (TCS)
Centre for Innovative Technology Rijeka (TIC)
Technology and Innovation Centre, Osijek
3. One Research and Development Center
Research and Development Centre for Mariculture,
Dubrovnik
4. Business and Innovation Centre of Croatia (BICRO)
5. The Croatian Institute for Technology (HIT)
Technology Centre
Split (TCS)
Research and Development Centre for
Mariculture, Dubrovnik
Institutional infrastructure of
the Croatian innovation system – initiated by the Ministry
of Economy and local authorities
•9 business incubators
•20 entrepreneurial centres
•10 development agencies
•14 free zones
•2 technology parks
“Technology park Zagreb“
“Technology park Varaždin
Institutional infrastructure of
the Croatian innovation system - technical infrastructure
2. Institutions of the technical infrastructure
During 2004 the basis for technical infrastructure has been achieved
and harmonized with the European standards and acquis
State office for norms and measurement was transformed into the three new
institutions:
•
Croatian Accreditation Agency (http://www.akreditacija.hr/)
•
Croatian Standards Institute (http://www.dznm.hr/hzn/)
•
State Office for Metrology (http://www.dzm.hr/).
•
State Office for Intellectual Property Rights (http://www.dziv.hr/)
•
State Bureau for Statistics (CBS) (http://www.dzs.hr/)
These institutions make the core of the technical infrastructure necessary
for overall technological and innovation development
Relevant international
projects
1.“Science and Technology Project“ of MSES supported by the
World Bank, aimed at improving NIS, started in 2003
2. CARDS project “Intellectual Property Infrastructure for the
Research and Development Sector”aimed at introducing
IPR system in academic sphere, started in 2005
3. The TEMPUS project “Stimulating Croatia’s Entrepreneurial
Activities and Technology transfer in Education – CREATE”
has been approved by the European Commission in
August 2005 .
Aim: create national university system for supporting
entrepreneurial activities and technology transfer.
4. EURO-INFO Centre - The European information and
communication centre Zagreb was established at the
Croatian Chamber of Economy, started in 2005
Towards Lisbon
• All these activities provide a platform for
certain satisfaction with the innovation policy
• Although Croatia has no concrete “National
3% Action Plan” or “National Lisbon plan”
there is mix of policies and actions that should
move Croatia’s orientation towards Lisbon
goal- knowledge society.
Does Croatian NIS follow the path towards knowledge
economy?
Benchmark ecxercise – Croatia
Simple model of NIS
SOCIAL AND HUMAN CAPITAL
Supply
RESEARCH
CAPACITY
Creators
Users
Demand
ABSORPTION
CAPACITY
TECHNOLOGICAL AND
INNOVATION PERFORMANCE
Source: STRATA-ETAN Expert group for benchmarking national research policies (EC DG
Research, June 2002
Components of NIS - definitions
RESERCH INTENSITY
HUMAN CAPITAL
is a national pool of knowledge that makes
a basis for the creation and adoption
of new technologies and innovations
represents the knowledge and skills
embodied in individuals that make
them capable of taking advantage of
knowledge and new technologies
ABSORPTION CAPACITY
is the ability of a company to recognize, accept
and exploit new technologies. It is highly
interdependent with innovation performance.
It is capacity is closely connected to the
infrastructure and channels that enable
diffusion of innovation such as ICT, quality
management, etc.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATION
PERFORMANCE
rather complex area that should
indicate the degree of capitalization of
science or transformation of research
and human capacities into
inovativnnes, competitiveness and
production.
Components of NIS as composite indicators
INTELECTUAL CAPITAL
Total public expenditure on tertiary
education as a percentage of GDP
Percentage of population aged 25-64 with
upper secondary education
New PhDs in S&E fields per 1000
population aged 25-34
RESEARCH CAPACITY
•
•
•
Gross domestic expenditures in R&D
(GERD)
Total number of researchers (FTE) per
1000 labour force,
Number of scientific publications per
million population
•
•
•
ABSORPTION CAPACITY
•
•
•
Number of ISO certifications 9000 per
million inhabitants
Number of Internet Hosts per 10 000
inhabitants
Researchers (FTE) in business sector as
a percentage of total researchers (FTE )
•
•
•
TECHNOLOGICAL AND INNOVATION
PERFORMANCE
Patent applications (PCT) per million
population (technological output)
High-tech exports as a percentage of
manufactured exports (competitivenness)
R&D financed by industry (BERD) as
percentage of GDP a measure of intrinsic
interest and demand of industry for R&D)
CALCULATION
Our main task was to determine the
relative position of Croatian NIS
measured by composite indicators in
relation to the two basic sets of
countries:
EU 25 – all the European member states
EU 10 – the New member states
… to see deviations or divergence of each
country and Croatia from the average
of the basic set of countries
Calculation of composite indicators
In order to compare and to correlate the composite indicators, it is necessary to
transform various sub- indicators that are measured in different unites into the
same unit.
Euros
Percentages
Per capita units, etc
Should be convert into
the single measurement
unit
.
•
•
This method calculates z-scores or standardized units of the number of
standard deviations from the mean, using the following formula (above).
The method for calculation composite indicators is taken over from
Towards a European research Area: Key Figures 2002.
Results – Research intensity vs. Human capital
To see the relative position of Croatia we put into the relationship each of
the composite indicator against each other. We receive 6 graphs, as
follows:
Graph 1. Research intensity vs Human capital
in Croatia comparing to EU 25, 2001
2,0
SE
1,5
FI
DK
Human Capital
1,0
AT DE
0,5
LT
EE
CZ
PL
SK
0,0
LV
-0,5
CY
-1,0
IE
UK
FR
NLBE
HU
GR HR
ES
IT
PT
R=0,73
LU
-1,5
-1,5
SI
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
research intenisty
1,5
2,0
2,5
Results – Graph 2 .Research intensity vs. Absorption
capacity
Graph 2. Research intensity vs Absorption
in Croatia comparing to EU 25, 2001
2,0
NL
1,5
FI
UK
IE
1,0
SE
DK
Absorption capacity
AT
0,5
DE
BE
IT
CZ
HU
0,0
LU
ES
CY
FR
SI
-0,5
PT
SK EE
GR
LV PL
R=0,73
HR
-1,0
LT
-1,5
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
Research intensity
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Results: Graph 3. Research intensity vs.
Performance
Results: Graph 4. Human capital vs
Absorption
Graph 4. Human capital vs Absorption
in Croatia comparing EU 25, 2001
2,0
NL
1,5
IE
Absorption
1,0
FI
UK
SE
0,5
IT
HU
LU
-0,5
AT
DE
BE
0,0
DK
CZ
FR
SI
ES CY
PT
-1,0
EE
SK
GR
HR LV PL
LT
R=0,52
-1,5
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
Human capital
1,0
1,5
2,0
Results: Graph 5 Human capital vs
Performance
Graph 5. Human capital vs performance
in Croatai comparing to EU 25, 2001
2,0
SE
FI
1,5
Performance
1,0
NL
UK
0,5
IE
FR
BE
LU
0,0
DK
DE
HU
IT
PT
-0,5
CZ
HR
EESI
ES GR
SK
CYLV PLLT
AT
R=0,69
-1,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
Human capital
1,0
1,5
2,0
Results: Graph 6. Absorption vs performance
Graph 6. Absorption capacity vs Performance
in Croatia comparing to EU 25, 2001
2,0
SE
FI
1,5
Performance
1,0
DE
NL
DK
UK
0,5
IE
LU
0,0
-0,5
HR
PL
LT LV
EE
GR
PT
SK
ES
FR
HU
CZ
SI
BE
IT AT
R=0,81
CY
-1,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
Absorption capacity
1,0
1,5
2,0
Results – Croatia and EU 25
EU 25 : It is possible to identify at least three groups of
countries:
1.
Countries that are significantly above EU average in all
the components of NIS: Sweden, Finland, Denmark,
Germany, Untied Kingdom, and (Netherlands with the
exception of HC). These countries are the most efficient
in the transition towards knowledge economy and in
utilization of knowledge factors and innovation for
economic growth
2.
Countries that are about EU average such as Belgium,
France, Austria, Ireland and Luxembourg (with the
exception of HC). Those countries are catching up with
the first group in knowledge based economy
3.
Countries which are in almost all composite indicators
(with some oscillations) below EU average. This group
comprises all the new member states, but also
southeastern countries like Greece, Spain, Italy,
Portugal and Cyprus and
….Croatia
EU 25 (+ Croatia) Composite indicators –
divergence from average, 2001
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Index
Slovenia
Croatia
Performance
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Latvia
Absorption capacity
Hungary
Estonia
Human capital
Czech Republic
Research intensity
Cyprus
Countries
Luxembourg
Portugal
Italy
Greece
-2
Spain
-1
Sweden
0
Austria
Ireland
France
Germany
1
Denmark
2
Belgium
3
Finland
EU 25 Composite indicators- Divergence from average, 2001
Divergence of Croatia from EU 25 average in
composite indicators, 2001
Index (0 is EU 25
average)
Divergence of Croatia from EU 25 average in
composite indicators, 2001
0
-0,2
-0,4
Performance
-0,6
-0,8
-1
-1,2
Human Capital
Absorption
Composite indicators
Research
intensity
Series1
EU 10 (+ Croatia) Composite indicators –
divergence from average, 2001
•
The position of Croatia in relation to the new member states (EU 10) is
not much different from its position among all (25) EU countries.
It is also possible to make the distinction between three groups of
countries among new member states
•
Countries
Research Intensity
Human Capital
Absorption
Performance
Index
Croatia
Poland
Latvia
Cyprus
-2
Slovenia
0
-1
Slovakia
1
Lituania
2
Hungary
3
Estonia
Czech Republic
Croatia and EU 10 - new member states, Composite indicators, 2001
Results - Croatia and EU 10
…..
1. Countries that are in all four or at least three
components of NIS above average such as:
Czech Republic, Estonia,Hungary and
Slovenia. Czech Republic and Slovenia are
definitely the leading countries in innovation
capabilities
2. Countries that are above (or about) average in
2 components Cyprus, Lithuania, and
Slovakia and
3. Countries with three or four components
below EU 10averge – Latvia (four
components), Poland (three components) and
Croatia (three components)
Croatia- divergence from EU 10 in selected
indicators,2001
•
In comparison with EU 10 Croatia is better in only
one composite indicators research capacity and
one sub-indicator – high-tech exports
GERD is in constant upswing line
1,4
1,07
1
0,8
0,2
1,12
1,14
0,98
GERD
0,77
BERD
0,71
0,6
0,4
1,24
1,23
1,2
0,56
0,26
0,25
0,26
0,27
0,25
0,19
0,43
0,34
0,21
0,41
0,44
0,38
0,47
0,39
0,27
0,24
0,24
0,44
0,45
0,25
HERD
0,52
0,46
0,26
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
GOVERD
GERD – Croatia is topping the list of the
New member states
Sweden
Finland
Denmark
Germany
Austria
France
EU 25
Belgium
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Ireland
Croatia
Italy
Spain
Hungary
Estonia
Portugal
EU 10 (1)
Lituania
Turkey (2002)
Greece
Slovakia
Poland
Latvia
Cyprus
Malta
3,98
3,48
2,59
2,52
2,19
2,18
1,92
1,92
1,88
1,78
1,76
1,54
1,26
1,16
1,14
1,14
1,05
0,95
0,82
0,78
0,74
0,68
0,66
0,62
0,58
0,56
0,38
0,35
0,27
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
Figure 5.5 Gross domestic expenditure of R&D (GERD), 2003
3
3,5
4
4,5
A pool of researchers in Croatia is bigger
than in majority of the New member states
Finland
Japan
Sw eden
US
Lux embourg
Denmark
Belgium
France
Germany
United Kingdom
Austria
EU-25
The
Slov enia
Ireland
Spain
Estonia
Lithuania
Croatia
Slov akia
Hungary
Portugal
Poland
Greece
Czech
Latv ia
Italy
Cy prus
16,20
10,10
10,10
9,00
8,70
8,60
7,90
6,80
6,30
5,50
5,50
5,40
5,10
5,00
5,00
4,90
4,50
4,00
3,80
3,70
3,60
3,60
3,50
3,30
3,00
2,90
2,80
1,20
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
Number of researchers (FTE) per 1000 labour force in Croatia and EU 25, 2003
18,00
However… in human capital
we are on the bottom of the list
of the New member states…
Countires
Index (0 is EU 10
average)
Lituania
Hungary
Latvia
Cyprus
-1,5
Croatia
-1
Malta
-0,5
Slovenia
0
Estonia
0,5
Poland
Slovakia
1
Czech Republic
EU 10 - Human capital - divergence from average
In absorption capacity ….
… we are before Lithuania which is on the
bottom …
Countries
Index (0 is average)
Slovenia
Latvia
Poland
Lituania
-2
Croatia
-1
Malta
0
Cyprus
1
Estonia
Slovakia
2
Hungary
3
Czech Republic
EU 10 - Absorption capacity - convergence from average
In innovation performance
capacity…
…we are below EU 10 average
Estonia
Croatia
Poland
Lituania
-1
Slovakia
-0,5
Latvia
Index (0 is average)
0
Countries
Hungary
Cyprus
0,5
Slovenia
1
Czech Republic
EU 10 - performance - divergence from average
Collapse of illusions
….that we are maybe better than the previous transition countres
in human capital or innovation capacities.
In both groups of countries Croatia is lagging the most in
absorption capacity and human capital
Croatian NIS – critical components
… IT MEANS THAT
THE MOST
CRITICAL
COMPONENTS OF
THE CROATIAN NIS
ARE:
ABSORPTION
• Quality management
• Number of researchers
in industry and
• Computerization of
Croatia
EDUCATION
• Investment in tertiary
education
• Number of new
scientists in engineering
• Educated labor force
R&D sector: structural imbalances in number of
researchers and R&D investments
The analysis of R&D sector in the narrow sense, in terms of investment in R&D and
number of researchers in public vs. private sector reveals that R&D sectors is suffering
the serious structural imbalance since public sector significantly domintes over private
sector while in developed countries industry and business sectors in both research
manpower and investments largely predominate the public sector
• While in developed countries about 50- 80 percent of researchers are employed in
business sphere in Croatia, the situation is just the opposite. Pubic sector, (HE and
government employs 85%) of researches, while business sector employs modest 15 %
90
80
70
60
50
Public sector
40
Business
30
20
10
0
EU 25
Croatia
US
Slovenia
Finland
Researchers (%) in public and business sectors in selected countries,
2003
R&D sector: structural imbalances in R&D investments
between public and private sector
•
Business sector in Croatia invests 0,45 % of GDP. Business sector
invests in EU 15 countries more than 1 % of GDP from 0,27 in Portugal
to 3,32 in Sweden .
Therefore, the development of R&D sector should, presumably, involve
further development of public sector R&D to catch up with European
standards but concerted actions of both government and private business
for strengthening industrial research capacities are seriously needed.
Finland
Germany
Denmark
Belgium
Countries
France
0
Slovenia
Italy
Spain
Croatia
Slovakia
Hungary
Portugal
Estonia
Poland
Greece
Latvia
0,5
Cyprus
1
Lituania
1,5
Ireland
2
United Kingdom
2,5
Czech Republic
3
The Netherlands
3,5
Sweden
BERD as % of GDP in EU 25 and Croatia, 2001
Percentage
•
CONCLUSIONS
•
National innovation system of Croatia is underdeveloped in
comparison with both – all the member states of EU – 25 and
new member states – EU 10 countries that belonged to
transition countries as well as Croatia
•
Croatia is lagging behind in knowledge based factors of
growth that commonly shape the new techno-economic
paradigm – knowledge economy such as: qualification
structure of the labor force, technology capabilities of
companies, research capacity in industry, computerization,
etc.
•
Croatia is competitive to EU countries only in research
intensity that reflects the present orientation of innovation
policy primarily towards supply side in terms of number of
researchers and investments in R&D in public sector
•
It support the thesis that Science policy in Croatia is
standard policy based on a linear model of innovation in
which science is a prime mover of technology development.
CONCLUSIONS (cont.)
• Policymakers in Croatia assume that capitalization
of science (innovation) begins and ends with
research
• Therefore, science and innovation policy is primarily
focused on public science separate from production
and entrepreneurship (Innovation policy is a part of
science policy that is centralized and dominated by
MSOS as the main financer and consumer of R&D
• Ministry of economy runs its own programs for
business development mainly unware of the
innovation policy
The main reasons for underdeveloped
innovation policy
….are perceived in the socio-cultural inertia and lack of
policy learning
The policymakers should understand:
• the complexity of the innovation process – innovation is
essentially the result of the interactive process between
many actors and sectors (science, companies, financial
sector, legal conditions, ect.)
• that there is a need to create conditions for their
interactions and combinations of different kinds of
knowledge: scientific, engineering, production etc.
• that Lisbon agenda requests a shift from the
conventional science policy towards integrated and
pro-active innovation policy that means integration of
science, industry and technology policy.
Is integrated innovation policy possible in
Croatia?
However, integrated innovation policy should
significantly influence both:
• Science policy (science organization, evaluation and
institutional set-ups), pushing it towards the norms
and values of a concepts close to “new knowledge
production” and “triple helix” that are not welcome
in our scientific community and
• Industrial policy that is today reduced to
privatization of state-owned companies and financial
rehabilitation of weak industries but corresponds to
neo-liberalism that is a dominant economic doctrine
in Croatia
CONFRONTATION WITH THE SOCIO-CULTURAL
NORMS AND VALUES
IS CROATIAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY
ON THE CROSS-ROAD?
SCIENCE
POLICY
Privatization and
rehabilitation
Standard
industrial
policy
INOVATION
POLICY
Fostering knowledge
based factors of growth
Technology
policy