Transcript Health and Poverty

Mayeesha YH Tseng
Ph.D Candidate
Institute of Health Policy and Management
National Taiwan University
1
Agree
2. Disagree
1.
2
Growth of life expectancy by increase of GDP/capita in
Bangladesh, Japan and USA, 1960-2008
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Can’t do or demand anything.
Government should ensure universal health care,
despite the ability to pay.
Charity organizations should offer help.
Sell all properties to buy back health.
Borrow money from friends or bank for treatment.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Government service is trustworthy.
It is cheap.
It offers quality care.
It is close to where you live or work.
It ensures privacy.
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Private service is trustworthy.
It offers quality care.
It is cheap.
It is close to where you live or work.
It ensures privacy.
Doctors give you more time.
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1.
2.
3.
Healthy people contribute to economic growth
and productivity.
Health itself is important. (health as an end)
Health is a tool that enables us to live a life we
value. (health as a means)
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Poverty & Health
MICROCREDIT
A global movement
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Microcredit:
specially designed collateral free, small loans for the poor
who have no access to loan.
Also referred to as Microfinance.
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Microcredit: from 1976 to 2012
(Microcredit Summit Report 2012)
Region
Total clients
Poorest women clients
Asia & the Pacific
169,125,878
104,752,430
Latin America & the Caribbean
13,847,987
2,363,100
Sub-Saharan Africa
12,692,579
4,783,256
Middle East & North Africa
4,290,735
1,165,358
199,975,179
113,064,144
Developing World Totals
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Who operates Microcredit program?
Banks do not have microcredit programs.
Conventional banks don’t offer microloans.
Micro Finance Institutions (MFI) :
An NGO (Non-governmental organizations ) that runs
Microcredit program
3,589 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in 145 countries
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Characteristics of
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)
1. Rural based
2. Integrated network with grassroots
3.
4.
5.
6.
communities
Motivate poor women
Skill in group formation
Conflict resolution capacity
Comprehensive monitoring system
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Microcredit in Bangladesh
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Credit Where Credit’s Due
A documentary (23 min)
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98% of microcredit borrowers are poor village women
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Income Generating Activities
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Technology
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Graduation
From Home to Factory - Business Center
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Why Women?
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Every subgroup is a solidarity group in a rural setting
Within NT$5,000, everyone will propose an income
generating plan
Pay back NT$5,750 in 51 weekly installments
Smooth repayment ensures disbursement for the next
group member
Group leader is the last to borrow
MFIs give no suggestion about your investment
At the end of discussion, group leaders report business
profiles of your group to TAs
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1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
4A
4B
5A
5B
Raise
cow
Grocery
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






On women?
On children?
On family?
Identify at least
On health?
2 aspects
On economy?
On society?
On others?
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Study
Design
Review
Impact on poverty
alleviation
Impact on
women’s
empowerment
Impact on
health
Impact on other
outcomes
Steward (2010) ± Steward (2010)＋ Leatherman(2011)＋
Hermes (2011) ± Hermes (2011) ＋
Steward (2010) ＋
Schurmann (2009)＋
Lund (2011) －
Crosssectional
Survey
Nawaz (2010) ＋ Mahmud (2003) ＋
Panda (2009) ＋
Kotir (2009) －
Nawaz (2010) ＋
Pitt (2003) ＋
Ahmed (2002) ＋
De Silva (2007) －
Ahmed (2001)** n/e
Panel
critique,
commentary,
anthropology,
Policy analysis
Karlan (2011) －
Khandker (2005) ＋
Amin (2003) －
Karlan (2011) －
Karlan (2011) －
Berhane (2011)＋
[housing]
Lashley (2008) ＋
Bond (2007) －
Mohindra (2005)＋
Pronyk (2007)＋
Bond (2007) －
Mohindra (2008)＋
Dowla (2006)－
[social capital]
Rahman (1999) －
Mohindra (2005)＋
Goetz (1996) －
Bond (2007) －
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1. MFIs run private clinics/hospitals for its
clients


WHY?
GOOD OR BAD?
2. Microcredit borrowers run pharmacies and
clinics.

GOOD OR BAD?
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