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Chapter 3
Data and Knowledge
Management
Information Systems Today
Why IS Matters
Leonard Jessup
Joseph Valacich
What is a collection of stored related
data that is organized to facilitate
searches?
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MySQL
Database technology
DBMS
Entities
Knowledge management systems
Knowledge assets
What is a collection of stored related
data that is organized to facilitate
searches?
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MySQL
Database technology
DBMS
Entities
Knowledge management systems
Knowledge assets
Database technology is vital to an organization’s success
today, as information is now collected to make the
organization more productive and competitive
What are the software applications that
help you create, store, organize, and
retrieve data from one or more databases?
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Libraries
Attributes
Database management systems
SQL
Data dictionaries
What are the software applications that
help you create, store, organize, and
retrieve data from one or more databases?
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Libraries
Attributes
Database management systems
SQL
Data dictionaries
DBMSs are used to interact with the data within
databases. Examples of these include Microsoft Access,
MySQL, and Oracle
Which of the following is an accurate
description of the parts of a
database?
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Entities are tables, rows are classes, and columns are
attributes.
Entities are records and columns are attributes.
Entities are tables, rows are records, and columns are
fields.
Each record typically consists of a single attribute.
A record is a collection of tables related to a single entity.
Which of the following is an accurate
description of the parts of a
database?
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Entities are tables, rows are classes, and columns are
attributes.
Entities are records and columns are attributes.
Entities are tables, rows are records, and columns
are fields.
Each record typically consists of a single attribute.
A record is a collection of tables related to a single entity.
In the DBMS, the individual database is a collection of
related attributes about entities. The entity is the table, the
rows are considered records, and the columns are
attributes or fields. Each record will usually have many
attributes, or individual pieces of information
The ______ is responsible for the
development and management of an
organization’s database.
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MBA
QBE
DBS
DBA
SQL
The ______ is responsible for the
development and management of an
organization’s database.
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MBA
QBE
DBS
DBA
SQL
The DBA works with systems analysts and programmers to
design and implement the database and with the users
and management to establish policies. The DBA should
also implement security features
Instead of requiring the user to write
code, many DBMS packages employ a
simpler way to interface with the database
called ______.
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SQL
GUI
ERD
KEY
QBE
Instead of requiring the user to write
code, many DBMS packages employ a
simpler way to interface with the database
called ______.
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SQL
GUI
ERD
KEY
QBE
Query by example allows the user to fill out templates in
order to construct a sample or description of the data that
they would like to access
What do we call data that is compiled from
a database, organized, and produced in
written format on paper?
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Forms
GUIs
ERDs
Reports
OLAP
What do we call data that is compiled from
a database, organized, and produced in
written format on paper?
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Forms
GUIs
ERDs
Reports
OLAP
These compilations are reports, and are typically produced
on paper, but may be presented to users on-screen.
Report generators retrieve the data and manipulate and
display it in a useful format
What is the unique identifier used in
designing a database called?
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A primary key
A secondary key
A foreign key
A data model
An ERD
What is the unique identifier used in
designing a database called?
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A primary key
A secondary key
A foreign key
A data model
An ERD
A primary key is used to help store and retrieve data
accurately, and is based on one or more attributes
What do these other choices do? Discuss them with your
neighbor
What is an attribute called if it is a
primary key in one table and a
nonprimary key in a second table?
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Combination primary key
Secondary key
Foreign key
ERD
Many-to-many
What is an attribute called if it is a
primary key in one table and a
nonprimary key in a second table?
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Combination primary key
Secondary key
Foreign key
ERD
Many-to-Many
A foreign key refers to an attribute that appears as a
nonprimary key in one entity, and a primary key attribute in
another. This shared attribute allows the entities to be
associated or linked together in a one-to-one relationship
Every student takes many classes, and
each class has many students is an
example of what?
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ERDs
Data models
One-to-one relationships
One-to-many relationships
Many-to-many relationships
Every student takes many classes, and
each class has many students is an
example of what?
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ERDs
Data models
One-to-one relationships
One-to-many relationships
Many-to-many relationships
This is an example of a many-to-many relationship
Think of some examples of one-to-one, one-to-many, and
many-to-many relationships. Compare them with your
neighbor’s examples
Which database model is threedimensional?
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The relational model
The “flat-file” model
The network model
The hierarchical model
All of the above.
Which database model is threedimensional?
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The relational model
The “flat-file” model
The network model
The hierarchical model
All of the above.
The relational model has rows and columns (two dimensions), and can contain a row of data in common with
another file (the third dimension)
Discuss the characteristics of these other database models
with your classmates
Elimination of data redundancy is a
major goal of _________.
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ERDs
normalization
RDBMS
one-to-one relationships
associations
Elimination of data redundancy is a
major goal of _________.
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ERDs
normalization
RDBMS
one-to-one relationships
associations
Data normalization techniques are employed to make
complex databases more efficient and easier to handle by
removing redundant data
What are included in the data
dictionary to prevent illegal or
illogical entries into the database?
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Data types
Attributes
Data rules
Business rules
Key types
What are included in the data
dictionary to prevent illegal or
illogical entries into the database?
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Data types
Attributes
Data rules
Business rules
Key types
Business rules, such as who has the authority to update
data entries are included in, and enforced by, the data
dictionary
The success of a commercial Internet
Web site depends on the
organization’s use of:
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links between sites on the Web.
management of its offline data.
data movement on the Web.
data that it collects, stores, and manipulates.
business rules.
The success of a commercial Internet
Web site depends on the
organization’s use of:
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links between sites on the Web.
management of its offline data.
data movement on the Web.
data that it collects, stores, and
manipulates.
business rules.
The Internet has resulted in the collection of an
enormous amount of both customer and transactional
data. This information is a significant factor influencing
the success of a Web site
Data mining tools allow the users to
engage in what activities?
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Graphically drill down from summary data
Sort data based on specific conditions
Perform statistical analyses
Analyze variances
All of the above.
Data mining tools allow the users to
engage in what activities?
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Graphically drill down from summary data
Sort data based on specific conditions
Perform statistical analyses
Analyze variances
All of the above.
Data mining is used by organizations to sort and analyze
information to gain a better understanding of customers,
products, and markets
What are graphical software tools that
provide complex analysis of database
data called?
 OLTP
 OLAP
 Data miners
 TAP
 GUIs
What are graphical software tools that
provide complex analysis of database
data called?
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OLTP
OLAP
Data miners
TAP
GUIs
The OLAP server understands how data is organized and
has special functions for analyzing different dimensions of
collected data, going far beyond the data summary and
aggregations of normal databases
What systems are used by managers
and analysts to get a historical
snapshot of collected data?
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Operational systems
Transaction systems
Information systems
ERPs
E-mail systems
What systems are used by managers
and analysts to get a historical
snapshot of collected data?
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Operational systems
Transaction systems
Information systems
ERPs
E-mail systems
Informational systems are used to support management
and analysts making business decisions based on stable
point-in-time data. They are easy to access and use for
broad queries and analyses
What is the term for repositories that
consist of multiple integrated large
databases and other information?
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Data warehouses
Data marts
Operational systems
ERP systems
Knowledge systems
What is the term for repositories that
consist of multiple integrated large
databases and other information?
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Data warehouses
Data marts
Operational systems
ERP systems
Knowledge systems
Data warehouses store and distribute data on computerbased information systems, allowing for online analysis of
business data and assisting management in key decision
making
______ are the underlying skills, routines,
practices, principles, formulas, methods,
heuristics, and intuitions in an
organization.
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Explicit knowledge
Data warehouses
Data marts
Knowledge assets
Best practices
______ are the underlying skills, routines,
practices, principles, formulas, methods,
heuristics, and intuitions in an
organization.
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Explicit knowledge
Data warehouses
Data marts
Knowledge assets
Best practices
Databases, manuals, reference works, proposals,
computer files, textbooks, plans, and artifacts are all
considered to be knowledge assets
What is the term for the procedures
and practices that are accepted as
being most effective and efficient?
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Knowledge assets
Knowledge management
Best practices
Data mart
Technology assets
What is the term for the procedures
and practices that are accepted as
being most effective and efficient?
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Knowledge assets
Knowledge management
Best practices
Data mart
Technology assets
Tacit knowledge assets often reflect an organization’s or
industry’s best practices
Can you think of an example of a best practice? Discuss
this with your neighbor
The benefits of a knowledge
management system include all of the
following except:
 enhanced innovation.
 improved customer service.
 enhanced employee retention.
 dealing with knowledge overload.
 improved organizational performance.
The benefits of a knowledge
management system include all of the
following except:
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enhanced innovation.
improved customer service.
enhanced employee retention.
dealing with knowledge overload.
improved organizational performance.
Additional benefits include enhanced creativity, shorter
product development, and streamlined operations.
Dealing with knowledge overload and obsolescence,
getting employee but-in, focusing too much on technology,
and forgetting the goal are some of the challenges