Transcript Poverty

Social Issues in Brazil
Team Embraer
Natalie Fowler
Venda Yuniarti
Surapan Laosettanun
Rikiya Toyofuku
Deepa Jakkamsetti
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Poverty
Health
Education
Unemployment
Violence/Crime
Poverty
Favela da Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro
Income Disparity
• Top 10% earn 50% of the national income
• 8% living below the poverty line
• Favelas – slums in city areas where poor people live
– Grew in 1970’s when people moved from rural areas to the cities
– Overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, poor nutrition, pollution,
disease, drug use, gangs – drug trafficking
2009: GI 53.9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient
Government Creates Positive Changes
• Since 2003, more than 20 million
Brazilians have been brought out
of poverty
• Currently, approx. 16 million
people live in extreme poverty
• Government Programs:
– Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) plan
started in 2003: goal to eliminate
hunger and extreme poverty
– Bolsa Família (Family Allowance)
program in 2003: Gives monthly
stipend ($12 per child) to families
as long as children attend school
and receive vaccinations. 12
million families participate
– Brasil sem Miséria (Brazil without
Misery) in 2011: expand Bolsa
Familia program
http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/j0083e/j0083e05.htm
Brasil sem Miséria
(Brazil without Misery)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU40xWflC7c
Health
Health – Current Situation
• Healthcare system reform in 1989 provides free services to
all Brazilian citizens
• Several reforms have occurred later to improve health of
Brazilians
Health - Challenges
•
Brazil Health Care System ‘s inefficient
– insufficient budget (Huge population)
– poor budget spending management
•
Public health care can support only 50% of population
•
25% of population use private-health insurance
•
Poor people in rural area (about 25% of population) who cannot afford private
health insurance have to bear with over-crowded hospital
Health – Quick Facts
• Health expenditures: 9 % of GDP (rank 44th/196
countries)
– Government spending 3% of GDP
• Physicians density: 17.2 physicians/10,000 population
(rank 75th /196 countries)
• Hospital bed density: 24 beds/10,000 population (rank
91st /196 countries)
– over 6,800 hospitals,
» 41 % public
» 34 % private
» 25 % Non-profit organization owned
Education
Education
• Many children don’t attend school because their
parent can’t afford the education cost or they have
to work to support their families.
• Education level is considered low compared with
developed countries
Efforts to improve Education
• Free education for every child from 7 to 15
years of age, establishing 8 years of mandatory
education
• Government fixed the minimum to be spent on
education as 25% of state and municipal
revenues and 18% at the federal level
• Efforts to improve education systems:
• 2001: Bolsa Escola provided income subsidies to those parents who sent their
children to school and got them essential medical checkups (Limited to 7-14 years
children);
• 2004: Bolsa Família added stipends for children aged between 15 and 17, which
encouraged higher enrolment and attendance in high schools, where attendance is
lowest;
• 2006: all teachers should have a university qualification and made both pre-service
and in-service teacher training free
Source: http://www.pearsonfoundation.org/oecd/downloads/Brazil_strong_performers_US.pdf
Showing Improvement
Based on data published by Programme for
International Student Assessment (PISA)
Unemployment
Unemployment
Unemployment rate (%)
14
13%
Unemployment in Sao Paolo
metropolitan area reached
20 %
12
10
8
6
4
2
6%
“Seasonal
effect”
(IBGE)
Brazil
Lowest since 2002 !
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)
Economy Watch, Brazil Unemployment http://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.html
Brazileconomy http://brazileconomy.over-blog.es/pages/unemployment-rate-4776306.html
Mercopress http://en.mercopress.com/2010/10/22/brazil-set-to-grow-7.5-this-year-and-5.9-in-2011-inflation-5.1-and-5
Unemployment
Unemployment rate (%)
14
12
10
8
Brazil
6
4
2
Why decline?
Service sector growth
(which 65% of Brazilian work for)
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)
Economy Watch, Brazil Unemployment http://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/brazil.html
Unemployment
Unemployment rate (%) : other countries
14
12
Brazil
10
United States
8
Japan
6
India
4
Indonesia
2
Thailand
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Indexmundi (http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=74&c=br&l=en)
Crime
Law enforcement institutions
Simpsons no Brasil
Countries by Homicide rates
US – 4.8; Brazil – 25
Brazil – World Rank 12th
Top 20
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_homicide_rate
Brazil - Homicide rate trend
Source: http://www.sangari.com/mapadaviolencia/pdf2012/mapa2012_web.pdf
Efforts to Combat Crime
NPSF – National Public
Security Force
BOPE - Batalhão de
Operações Policiais
Especiais, or Special Police
Operations Battalion
Robocop facial
profiling!
Thank you!
Any Questions?
Appendix
Health – Current Situation
Health – Travel Concerns
• Food- and water-borne diseases:
– Hepatitis A, Diarrhea, and Typhoid fever
– Unsanitary food handling procedures and
contaminated water.
• Insect-borne diseases:
– Dengue fever and Leishmaniasis
– Insect protection measures are essential