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LOGISTICS IN POLAND
Prof. zw. dr hab. W. Rydzkowski
Republic of Poland
 Political system: republic
 Capital : Warszawa
 Currency: Polish zloty = 100 groszes
(12.12.2008: 1 euro = 3,968 PLN)
 Total surface: 322 577 km²
 Population: 36,983,700 people
• density: 123 people per 1 km2
• 96.74% consider themselves Poles
 The longest river – Vistula (1047 km)
 The highest mountain – Rysy (2499 m)
Information on the source document
Logistics in Poland
– Report 2005.
Edited by:
Dr G. Szyszka
Dr I. Fechner
Logistics
in Poland
AGENDA
Logistics
in Poland
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Poland after accession
Polish economy
Road transport
Rail transport
Warehousing market
Intermodal solutions
Logistics services
ICT for logistics
Distribution
Logistics education
Poland joined the EU on May 1, 2004
 entrance to the common
customs area
 access to new markets
 access to EU funds
but, also…
 international competition on
the Polish market
Poland joined the EU on May 1, 2004, but..
It is worthwhile to note that in the period 2004–2007
Poland’s economy functioned under a number of restrictions
which are not exactly equivalent to the conditions that the
EU offers the so-called „old EU Members”:
• limited access to labour markets of different Member States,
• transitional periods concerning various aspects of the
market functioning,
• the absence of Polish economy in the Euro zone.
.. on the other hand…
….it gradually turned out that there were no grounds to regard 1 May
2004 as a date radically changing the shape of the Polish business.
Even before that momentous date, numerous companies had already
cooperated with foreign suppliers and customers.
The majority of companies made a good use of the period preceding
Poland's European Union entry and their business situation did not
deteriorate after the landmark EU accession date (1 May 2004)
- a number of enterprises in fact felt that the change was a positive
development
So, May 1st 2004 brought about no revolution. There were some
moderate changes and – in numerous cases – the situation became
stabilized, though not always on the desired level
There are lot of negative symptoms
and pessimistic observations
• Transport infrastructure
• Development of intermodal transport
although…
… there are some reasons for optimism, as well!
Certain positive trends take root and become the main driving
forces shaping the picture of the Polish logistics in the period
2004–2007, at the same time foreshadowing advantageous
prospects for the development of the logistic market in years
to come.
POLISH ECONOMY
•
Forecasted GDP for 2009 is 3,7%
(Government forecast)
•
Main Industry branches:
• metal processing,
• food production,
• clothing and fur industry,
• furniture, and wood processing sectors
•
Private sector produces 75% of GDP, 25 % - public sector
•
Main trade partners: UE and Russia (export to Germany – 27,3%)
•
Member of UE, NATO, UN, OECD, Wyszehrad Group, Weimar Triangle
Basic macroeconomic indicators
7.00%
Industrial
production
GDP
14
6.00%
12
5.00%
10
4.00%
8
3.00%
6
2.00%
4
1.00%
2
0
0.00%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2004
2006
2005
Unemployment
rate
20%
Retail sales
8.00%
7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
-1.00%
-2.00%
-3.00%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2006
2003
2004
2005
2006
Basic macroeconomic indicators; Gross Domestic Product
%
7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2000 – 4,3%
2001 – 1,2%
2002 – 1,4%
2003 – 3,9%
2004 – 5,3%
2005 – 3,6%
2006 – 6,2%
Basic macroeconomic indicators –
Retail sales
2003
2004
2005
2006
3,6%
2,5%
-2,4%
7,2%
8.00%
7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
-1.00%
-2.00%
-3.00%
2003
2004
2005
2006
Basic macroeconomic indicators
- unemployment rate
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Global production in Poland
When analyzing the global production trends, a stable growth trend is immediately
visible. In 2006 global production amounted to: 2 152 250 mln zl
Mln PLN
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2000
2002
2004
2006
Global production in Poland
It is worth noticing that the growth dynamics of the “transport, warehouse
management and communications” segment was higher than that of the same
indicator for the country as a whole. In 2006, the % of global production in the sector
amounted to 7,6%.
109,00%
In total
108,00%
Transport, warehouse
management and
communications
107,00%
106,00%
105,00%
104,00%
103,00%
102,00%
101,00%
2002-2003
2003-2004
Logistics infrastructure
There are some reasons for pessimism particularly with regard to the
logistic infrastructure, the quality of which is strongly linked to the
competitiveness of companies operating in Poland and the Polish
economy as a whole. The quality of logistic infrastructure is getting better.
Cargo transport, by types of transport
(thousand tonnes)
2000
2004
2007
Railway transport
187 247
244 702
245 346
Road transport
1 006 705
956 939
1 213 246
Pipeline transport
44 342
53 378
52 866
Inland waterways
10 433
8 747
9 792
Maritime transport
22 774
22 499
11 432
Cargo transport in Poland in 2007
0.60%
0.80%
3.40%
16%
79.20%
Rail
Road
Pipelines
Inland shipping
Maritime transport
ROAD TRANSPORT
In fact, the technical condition of Polish roads has deteriorated even
further, while the total length of newly constructed motorways is a meager
several dozen kilometers.
Public road network in Poland
400
372,5
375
377
381
381,4 382,6
371,7 373,1 377,7 372,3 377,3 379,4
383
thousand kilometers
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Motorways in Poland
662,5
700
600
500
400
km
317
300
212
246
258
264
268
1995
1996
1997
1998
358
405
405
2002
2003
552
552
2004
2005
582,5
337
200
100
0
1990
1999
2000
2001
2006
2007
Quality of the road network in Poland in %
Road surface state
Good state
1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
28,0
19,0
23,6
28,7
37,0
40,1
45,5
48,9
53,2
54,9
45,0
43,0
41,6
37,1
33,4
30,3
28,7
26,2
23,4
22,6
27,0
38,0
34,8
34,2
29,6
29,6
25,8
24,9
23,4
22,5
(not requiring renovation)
Insufficient state
(requiring scheduled
renovation)
Bad state
(surfaces requiring immediate
renovation)
Number of trucks in the period 2000–2006 (in thousands).
,
Year:
2000 - 1354
2002 - 2060
2004 - 2262
2006 – 2393
2007 – 2520
Source: In-house study based on Transport – activity results in 2001, 2002, 2004. Central
Statistical Office 2002, 2003, 2005.
RAIL TRANSPORT
As for the railway cargo transport, the share of private carriers has been
rising. These carriers start to compete with the domestic potentate PKP
Cargo not only on the Polish market, but also abroad.
1.01.2007
?
Length of operable railway lines
[km]
30 000
27 185
26 228
25 000
23 210
22 891
22 560
21 119
21 073
20 665
20 250
2001
2002
2003
2004
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1980
1990
1998
1999
2000
In 2007 – 20 107 km
Total length of railway lines in Poland
24,4
25
24
22,6
21,6
20,1
20,7
20,3
thousand km
20
19,9
19,8
19,8
19,8
15
12,2
12
11,8
11,6
11,4
12,2
12
11,9
11,9
11,9
8,9
10
9
8,9
8,9
8,8
8,8
8,9
8,9
8,8
8,7
8,7
8,7
5
standard gauge*
electrif ied
0
dubletrack
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Private carriers’ share in the cargo carriage market (%)
0.63%
2.23%
99.37%
97.77%
5.70%
7.18%
94.30%
92.82%
2004
2005
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
100.00%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2001
2002
2003
PKP Cargo
private
Source: M. Stopa. Czas na prywatnych [Time for private carriers]. In “Rzeczpospolita” daily 2005, no. 208.
WAREHOUSING MARKET
There has been a constant expansion of modern warehousing facilities.
Warehousing in Poland – main regions
A total capacity in 2007 - over 3,8 million
m2
• WARSAW – 1,45 million m2 = 34% of
total capacity
• Wrocław – over 250 thousand m2
• Central Poland – Łódź/Piotrków Tr./
Stryków –
• Poznań –
• Silesia –
• Gdańsk
Concentration
1,450,000 m2
420,000 m2
420,000 m2
104,000 m2
365,000 m2
66,000 m2
The concentration of modern warehouse facilities built in Poland in the period 1995–2005
Warehouse prices in EUR/ year
28
23
Czechy (Praga)
16
Węgry (Budapeszt)
5
Francja (Paryż)
4
Szwajcaria (Zurych)
3
Irlandia (Dublin)
135
2
Rosja (Moskwa)
136
1
57
Polska (Warszawa)
Wielka Brytania (Londyn-Heathrow)
66
78
115
115
245
Warehousing Market
 restructuring and reconfiguration of distribution networks
 opening borders => smaller quantities of transported goods =>
switch from medium- and long-term warehousing to short-term
warehousing
 very favourable forecasts regarding the development of
warehousing in Poland (low costs, good locations)
 modern management methods and techniques, including
advanced ICT technologies

Warehousing market in Poland grows faster than the markets in other
Central and Easter European countries – in 2007 total warehousing
potential grew by 40% and the demand was higher by 53% than in 2006
(Cushman&Weakfield)
INTERMODAL TRANSPORT
There is still no adequate interest on the part of the State
administration in the need to support intermodal transport and the
necessity to devise and then implement a program of developing a
domestic intermodal logistic network with logistic centers and
container terminals as its key nodal points.
Logistics Centres

lack of developed transport and logistic infrastructure which is
necessary for logistics centres’ operations,

existing distribution centres do not form a coherent system within
the territory of Poland

lack of financial resources and unsettled ownership status of some
assets in PKP reduce the possibility of using the existing
infrastructure,

lack of financial resources of local governments which should
participate in such investment projects.
Wielkopolskie Logistics Centre in Konin
Berlin E-20 Warszawa
25
Logistics centre
Źródło: Opracowanie własne – materfiały WCL Konin – Stare Miasto S.A.
Śląskie Logistics Centre in Gliwice
ca. 60 ha
Źródło: www. scl.com.pl
Logistics & investment Centre Poznań CLiP Sp. z o.o.
Nowa hala magazynowa:
powierzchnia: 25 600 m2,
Źródło: http://www.clipinfo.i5.pl/mapa3.html
Investments 2006 r.
clip
CENTRUM
LOGISTYCZNO
INWESTYCYNE
POZNAŃ
Investments in port infrastructure
Port
Szczecin
Infrastructure for
Westpomeranian Logistic Centre
Port infrastructure for container
terminal on the Ostrów
Grabowskim
Projects are
financed from the
European Regional
Development Fund
under the Sectoral
Operational
Programme
for Transport
in 2004-2006
© Zarząd Morskich Portów
Szczecin i Świnoujście SA
Investments in port infrastructure
Port of Gdynia
ICT solutions for logistics
There was a further major growth in the application of ICT standards and
technologies in B2B and B2C communication, promoting integration
within supply chains.
•
Growing use of GS1 standards and products,
•
Progress in the development of electronic platforms and catalogues,
•
Growing interest in the RFID technology using electronic product
codes,
•
Implementation of the programme of development of electronic
economy in Poland called “The Creation of Mechanisms and
Structures in the Development of Electronic Trade in Poland –
Electronic Platform to Support Commerce”.
DISTRIBUTION
Trade continues to play a significant role in Poland’s
economy and ranks second (after industry) in producing
the gross domestic product (GDP) with a share of 17.1% in
2004.
Polish Trade
Trends in Polish trade:
• Increase in number of modern-trade shops
• Decrease in number of small groceries
• Fast development of discount shops
TOP 5 based on net sales income (in mln Euro):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
METRO
JMD
TESCO
CARREFOUR
AUCHAN
2 925
1 342
1 337
1 175
1 140
+ REWE, AHOLD, E.LECLERC
Polish retailers and their position in the rating:
• PSH Lewiatan (8), Sieć 34 (12), ABC (13), Żabka (19)
S
H
O
P
P
I
N
G
H
A
B
I
T
S
2002 2005
Hypermarkets
Supermarkets
Groceries
Drug-stores
Number of outlets in the years 2002–2004
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
2002
2003
2004
Changes of turnover and employment
in distribution companies
200%
Turnover
180%
Employment
160%
140%
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
ECR Poland
The tendencies of cooperation between enterprises within supply chains
are also becoming stronger, with a major role played by ECR Poland, a
neutral environment of cooperation between companies and a source of
integration solutions increasing the value offered to the customer.
LOGISTICS SERVICES
TRANSPORT-FORWARDING-LOGISTICS
MARKET
Outsourcing
As for logistic outsourcing, there were no major changes in the period
discussed, which should be interpreted as a time of stagnation.
Manufacturing and trading enterprises continue to outsource mainly
transport services, while cooperation with logistic operators performing
more complex logistic services is still a domain of large corporations.
In turn, large logistic service providers used the analyzed period to carry
on strengthening their potential and increasing access to new markets
and winning new customers via takeovers and mergers.
Value of the national logistic market
[PLN million]
18
35 000
16.1
16
30 515
29 430
przychód w mld zł
30 000
14
12.9
25 185
12
25 000
11.5
23 000
21 800
9.9
10
18 900
20 000
8.43
8
6.44
15 000
6
5.12
5.46
3.96
4
10 000
2.92
3.14
1997 rok
1998
2
5 000
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Changes of turnover and employment
in logistic companies
250%
Turnover
Employment
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
LOGISTICS EDUCATION
The interest in logistic education is growing. Even though logistics
teaching at the university level is still lacking adequate standards, the
growing number of university students majoring in logistics or continuing
logistics-related studies at the post-graduate level show the improving
standing of the profession. The market in logistic trainings, including
Internet-based logistics courses, is also expanding.
LOGISTICS IN POLAND
Logistics in Poland