Transcript Slide 1

“The Institute for Economics and Peace is an independent, not-forprofit, research institute dedicated to building a greater understanding
of the key drivers and measures of peace and to identifying the
economic benefits that increased peacefulness can deliver”
What are the best arguments for putting peace on the
table?
1) Peace is Quantifiable
2) Peace has tremendous economic benefits
www.economicsandpeace.org
What do you think are the most
important arguments for the role
of early childhood programs in
peacebuilding?
Most important arguments at the macro level: ECD as a global priority in
all situations, post-conflict or otherwise
1)
Can we measure peace?
2)
What is the relationship between peace and education?
3)
Does this relationship hold with regard to early childhood programs?
www.economicsandpeace.org
How do we define peace and how can
we measure it?
Negative peace
Positive Peace
Measures
Crime
Violence
Military
War
Institutions,
Arrangements, and
Attitudes associated
with peaceful
environments
Global Peace
Index
www.economicsandpeace.org
“Peace”
Positive Peace
Index
23 Indicators
INTERNAL PEACE
EXTERNAL PEACE
Perceptions of criminality in society
Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP
Number of internal security officers and police
100,000 people
Number of homicides per 100,000 people
Number of armed services personnel per
100,000 people
Funding for UN Peacekeeping operations
Number of jailed population per 100,000 people
Level of organised conflict (internal)
Aggregate number of heavy weapons per
100,000 people
Volume of weapons exports per 100,000
people
Likelihood of violent demonstrations
Military capability/sophistication
Level of violent crime
Number of displaced people as a percentage
of the population
Ease of access to weapons of minor destruction
Political instability
Political Terror Scale
Volume of transfers of major conventional
weapons, as recipient (Imports) per 100,000
people
Terrorist acts
Number of deaths from organised conflict
(internal)
www.economicsandpeace.org
Relations with neighbouring countries
Number of external and internal conflicts
fought
Estimated number of deaths from organised
conflict (external)
How is the GPI put
together?
IEP
• Define Philosophical Approach
• Develops 4 Indicators
• Decides Indicators
Expert • Sets Weights
Panel
EIU
www.economicsandpeace.org
• Develops 8 Indicators
• Collates and Produces Results
GPI 2012 Results
The 10 Most Peaceful Countries
The 10 Least Peaceful Countries
Rank
Country
Score
Rank
Country
Score
1
Iceland
1.113
158
Somalia
3.392
2
Denmark
1.239
157
Afghanistan
3.252
2
New Zealand
1.239
156
Sudan
3.193
4
Canada
1.317
155
Iraq
3.192
5
Japan
1.326
154
DRC
3.073
=6
Austria
1.328
153
Russia
2.938
1.328
152
North Korea
2.932
151
Central African Rep
2.872
=6
Republic of Ireland
8
Slovenia
1.330
9
Finland
1.348
10
Switzerland
1.349
www.economicsandpeace.org
150
Israel
2.842
149
Pakistan
2.833
From Negative to Positive Peace
GLOBAL
PEACE
INDEX
www.economicsandpeace.org
VS
Health
Education Spending
Welfare
Human Development
Corruption
Business Environment
Governance
Stability
Fragility
Economic Indicators
Human Rights
Infant Mortality
Inequality
Gender
Women’s Rights
Human Capital
Investment
Democracy
Etc.
Positive Peace: The Pillars of Peace
Free flow
of
information
Low levels
of
corruption
Well
functioning
government
Acceptan
ce of the
rights of
others
High
levels of
education
Sound
business
environment
Equitable
distribution of
resources
Peace and Resilience
www.economicsandpeace.org
Good
relations
with
neighbours
Relationship Between Peace and Education
Education Spending (% of GDP)
Secondary School Enrolment Ratio
www.economicsandpeace.org
Primary School Enrolment Ratio
Mean Years of Schooling
Peace and ECD?
- Not enough data to draw any firm conclusions
www.economicsandpeace.org
Peace and ECD?
- However, link between ECD and human capital is
well established
www.economicsandpeace.org
The Long Term Effects of Investment in ECD
ECD IMPACT ON PEACE
Direct: Impact of ECD
eacebuilding measures on
post-conflict environments,
fostering more peaceful
societies
Indirect: Impact on long term
GDP growth. GDP per capita
is one of the factors most
strongly correlated with the
Global Peace Index
www.economicsandpeace.org
Summary
Peacebuilding efforts can be measured at the macro level using
proxies like the Global Peace Index
Using the GPI, we can find the environments associated with
peacefulness
Education is a critical factor in fostering peacefulness
Early childhood programs seem to have the greatest long-term
return
www.economicsandpeace.org
MEASURING PEACE, MEASURING ECD
1) How useful/accurate are existing ECD
metrics?
2) What can or should be measured with
regard to ECD programs?
3) Are appropriate ECD metrics even
possible, particularly for measuring
outcomes in the short term?
www.economicsandpeace.org