Transcript National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Mexico

Workshop to exchange views on possible elements to
be considered in the future revision of the UNFCCC
“Guidelines for the preparation of national
communications from Parties not included in Annex I
to the Convention”
Mexico
Fourth National Communication to the United
Framework Convention on Climate Change.
M. Sc. Israel Laguna
21–23 March 2011
St. Mary’s, Antigua and Barbuda
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• National Institute of Ecology
(1)
• Mexico: General information
(1)
• Mexico and Climate Change
(9)
• National GHG Inventory 1990-2006
(7)
What is the National Institute of Ecology (INE)?
INE is a decentralized body of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT); it was
created in 1993 and reorganized in 2001.
PROFEPA
CONANP
CONABIO
MISION: To coordinate research on environmental
issues, in order to provide data, ideas, proposals,
and technical inputs for the decision-making, to
support the environmental and natural resources
management of Mexico.
Regarding Climate Change INE is in charge of:
• Developing and integrating the National Communications
of Mexico to the UNFCCC
• Up-dating of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
• Technical studies on GHG mitigation
• Vulnerability assessments and adaptation options to CC.
• Support the realization of the Climate Change Actions
Programs at state level
• Focal Point to the IPCC
• Support the international negotiations
INE
CONAGUA
CONAFOR
IMTA
5 General directions: 300 employee.
Environmental economy and politics
Urban and regional pollution
Ecosystem conservation
Research national center and environmental
training
Coordination of the Climate Change Program
MEXICO
General information
Location
The United Mexican States (the official name for
Mexico) is located in the northern part of the
American continent. The Mexican territory covers
1.96 millions of km2
Climate
Because its geographic and topographic conditions,
México has a wide variety of climatic regions, with
several types of climate: arid, semiarid, dry tropical,
humid tropical, temperate and cold.
Precipitation
Rainfall along the territory’s length and breadth is varied. Historically, the national annual average
precipitation was 773 mm for the period from 1941 to 2004.
Biodiversity
Mexico is among the top five countries known as “megadiverse”. The combined diversity of species in Mexico
represents approximately 12% of the world’s total.
Population
In 2009 Mexico totaled 107.9 million people, of which 72.3% lived in urban areas and 27.7% in rural areas.
During 2007-2009 the country’s annual population growth rate was 0.8%.
Mexico and the UNFCCC
 Mexico signed the UNFCCC in 1992 and
it was ratified in 1993.
 The Convention came into force for Mexico
on March 21, 1994.
 Mexico signed the Kyoto Protocol on


June 9, 1998. The Mexican Senate
approved the Kyoto Protocol on April 29,
2000.
The establishment of the Mexican
Committee for GHG mitigation projects
was on January 23, 2004.
The establishment of the Inter ministerial
Climate Change Commission was on
April 25, 2005.
1992 1993 1994 1997 1998 2000 2001 2003 2004
3rd National Communication
2nd National Communication
1st National Communication
Interministerial Commission
on Climate Change
Ratifica el Protocolo de Kioto
Firma el Protocolo de Kioto
UNFCCC
Ratification of the UNFCCCC
UNFCCC
Activities of Mexico
2006
2007
NATIONAL
STRATEGY
ON CLIMATE
CHANGE
2009
4th National
Communication
Most important effects of climate
change in Mexico
1. Growing desertification in the Central and North regions of
Mexico. Reduction of agricultural potential. Difficulties for water
supply in several areas
2. Flooding in coastal areas
3. Increase of extreme hydro-meteorological events
4. General effects in forest areas (forest degradation and increase
in fires) and hydrological effects
5. Loss of biodiversity
6. Impacts on human health
Roadmap for Climate Change Policy in Mexico

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Scientific research
Analysis of national circumstances
National greenhouse gases (GHG) inventory
GHG emissions, concentrations and impacts modeling, scenarios
and projections
Vulnerability assessments to climate variability and extreme events
Public awareness strategies
Design and analysis of policies for GHG mitigation and adaptation to
climate change
Policy implementation at national, regional and local scales, and at
general or sector-specific levels
INTERMINISTRIAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMMISSION
(Created on April 25, 2005)
SAGARPA
SCT
SE
SEDESOL
SEGOB
SEMARNAT
SENER
SALUD
SHCP
SRE
Structure
Expert opinion
Interministrial Climate Change Commission
Link
Link
Social
Participation
The ministries of
tourism and navy and
also the INEGI are
permanent invited to
the CICC
Interministrial Climate Change Commission
The
Interministrial
Climate
Change
Commission
(ICCC)
was
established to coordinate the actions of the agencies and entities
of the Mexican Federal Government related to:
• the design and the implementation of national policies for
preventing and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions
• adapting to the effects of climate change and, in general
• promoting the development of climate change action
programs and strategies to reach the fulfillment of the
commitments made by Mexico within the UNFCCC and other
instruments derived from, particularly the Kyoto Protocol.
Eje 4. Environmental Suistanability
4.6 Climate Change
OBJECTIVE 10
GHG Mitigation.
OBJECTIVE 11
Adaptation
Strategy 10.1. To promote energy efficiency
and
clean
technologies
(including
renewable) for energy generation.
Strategy 11.1. To promote the adoption of
adaptation criteria in the planning process.
Strategy 10.2. To promote the efficient
energy use in the domestic, industry,
agricultural and transportation sectors.
Strategy
10.3.
To
promote
the
implementation of international standards in
the transportation sector.
Strategy 10.4. To promote energy recovery
in the waste sector.
http://pnd.presidencia.gob.mx/
Strategy 11.2.
scenarios.
To
develop
regional
climate
Strategy 11.3. To evaluate the impacts,
vulnerability
and
adaptation
of
different
socioeconomic sectors and ecological systems.
Strategy 11.4. To promote the information diffusion
of impacts, vulnerability and adaptation measures
to climate change.
The Special Program on Climate Change (PECC) 2008-2012
The PECC, sets the national strategy of climate change for the
current Federal Administration.
It includes coordinated activities from all relevant sectors of the
Federal Government, and also from other levels of government
(particularly States and Municipalities) and from the private sector.
It sets quantitative mitigation and adaptation goals, as well as
research objectives and the Mexican position on the international
negotiations.
GOALS:
• In 2012 the mitigation goal is roughly 50 MtCO2e (about 8% of total
emissions).
• For the period 2008-2012, twelve groups of measures account for
60-70 % of the GHG potential.
• For the long term (2050) Mexico aspires to reduce emissions by
50% in reference to year 2000.
• In the period 2008-2012, the Mexican oil and gas industry will invest
US $7,000 million.
http://www.semarnat.gob.mx/queessemarnat/cambioclimatico/Pages/estrategia.aspx
Mexico’s Fourth National Communication
I.
National Context
II.
National GHG Inventory
III.
Institutional Arrangements
IV.
Adaptation programs (impacts,
vulnerability and adaptation)
V.
Climate change mitigation programs
VI.
Relevant information
VII.
Barriers, lacks and needs related to
climate change
National GHG Inventory 2006
National GHG Inventory, 2006
709 million tons of CO2eq
Emissions trend by gas
500
CO2
69.3% of total GHGs in 2006
450
Waste incineration
400
Aluminium Production
Ferroalloys Production
Other Chemical
350
CO2 millions tonnes
Ammonia Production
Other mineral
300
Soda Ash, Production and Use
Lime Production
Forest Land
250
Iron and Steel Production
Cement Production
200
Limestone and Dolomite Use
Grassland
Other energy sectors
150
Cropland
Petroleum Refining
100
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Public Electricity
Transport
50
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006
Emissions trend by gas
CH4
9,000
26.4% of total GHGs in 2006
8,000
Grassland
7,000
Forest land
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
Rice Cultivation
6,000
Iron and Steel Production
CH4 (Gg)
Other Chemical sectors
5,000
Other Energy sectors
Transport
Public Electricity
4,000
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Petroleum Refining
Manure Management
3,000
Solid Fuels
Enteri Fermentation
Oil and Natural Gas
2,000
Wastewater Handling
Solid Waste Disposal on Land
1,000
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006
Emissions trend by gas
N2O
70
Waste Incineration
Grassland
2.9% of total
GHG in 2006
60
Field Nurning of Agricultural Residues
Adipic Acid Production
50
N2O (Gg)
Nitric Acid Production
Manufacturing Industries and
Construction
40
Forest Land
Manure Management
30
Other Chemical Industry
Energy Industries
20
Other enrgy sectors
Wastewater Handling
10
Agricultural Soils
Transport
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Energy emissions per capita of Mexico in CO2 e
4.40
t CO2 e per capita
4.20
4.00
3.80
3.60
3.40
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Mexico's emissions per capita (ton CO2 e/per capita)
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
World average emissions per capita
*World average Emission per capita data taken from: EIA. (2008). “CO2 Emissions from Fuel
Combustion”. 2008 Edition. P. II.49 a II.51. Paris, France
*
2006
Emission Intensity (kg CO2 e / $ GDP)
0.28
kg CO2 e / GDP
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Emissions Intensity (kg CO2 e /GDP)
2000
2001
2002
Tendencia
Trend
2003
2004
2005
2006
INEGEI 2006 Conclusions
•
Mexico´s GHG emissions (in equivalent of CO2) growth 40.3% from 1990
to 2006
•
Energy category prevails as the main emissions source of GHG, where
the fossil fuel used in energy generation and transportation predominates as
key sources
•
Improvements in energy efficiency and investments towards the use
of cleaner technologies have improved the energy intensity (energy
consumption by GDP) and emissions intensity (CO2 by GDP) between 1990
and 2006.
•
The GHG emissions growth rate in Mexico is lower than the growth
rate of its economy
•
The results of the National GHG Inventory 1990-2006 shows that there is
evidence in Mexico of decoupling between economic growth and GHG
emissions
GHG Inventory (Problems, lessons learned)
Problems:
•
Lack of human resources
•
Availability of information (specially in LULUCF, waste)
•
Lack of local GHG emission factors
•
No experience with the 2006 IPCC guidance (availability of information)
•
Top- down vs. bottom up inventories
Lessons learned:
•
Continuity of working groups is a successful way to build capacity (establishment of
processes)
•
Essential the collaboration within the Inter ministerial Commission on Climate
Change
•
Essential the collaboration with academia, research institutions, private sector, etc.
Thank you for your attention
Israel Laguna Monroy
National Institute of Ecology- SEMARNAT
Periférico Sur 5000, 6th floor.
Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco.
Delegación Coyoacán.
04530 México, D.F.
 [email protected]
Visit of our Web Page:
http://www.ine.gob.mx/
Climate Change Portal
http://cambio_climatico.ine.gob.mx/
México. Cuarta Comunicación Nacional ante la Convención Marco de las Naciones
Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático:
http://www.ine.gob.mx/cpcc-lineas/596-cpcc-comnal