Transcript Methanol as Engine Fuel Lund University March 17th, 2015

Wärtsilä MeOH engine experiences
Lund University / Martin Tunér / Methanol Engine Advancement for Sustainable Transport Symposium / 2016-02-23
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ZA40-MD Sum-Up
Methanol-Diesel MD engine
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Methanol is burnt according to diesel process
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Methanol is injected close to TDC and ignited by a small amount of diesel pilot fuel
Pros
Cons
+ no knocking (diesel combustion)
- NOx higher than for DF concept
- NOx depends on pilot fuel for ignition
+ no power reduction
+ good load acceptance
+ cost effective adaption
+ low THC, CO (and formaldehyde) levels
+ good back-up fuel performance
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High pressure Methanol injection - 600bar
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Three needles for Methanol injection
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1 needle for standard & pilot diesel injection
to ignite the methanol
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Tests on Methanol – Initial testing of Wärtsilä MD concept
Engine: Wärtsilä Vasa 32
Optimal heat release
Reduced NOx
Lower Exhaust Temperatre
Same efficiency as diesel
 CO, THC acceptable ( < 1 g/kWh)
 Formaldehyde emissions low ~ much below TA-luft
 No Formic acid detected in exhaust gases
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Tests on Methanol – Recent testing of Wärtsilä Sulzer Z40S-MD
Tier II 10,5 g/kWh
Tier III 2,6 g/kWh
Repeated tests on Sulzer Z40S-MD
show same trends as the pre-tests
on Wärtilä Vasa 32:
 Reduced NOx / PM
 Reduced exhaust temperature
 Same (or better) efficiency
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Conclusions
Methanol
• One of the most promising candidates for low cost, high efficiency and
low emissions operation
• Neat methanol combustion is soot-free
Direct Injection and Compression Ignition MeOH op.
• Dual fuel with direct injected diesel and port injected alcohols is
established but lead to high emissions
• Wärtsiläs concept with double late direct injected dual fuel is functional
and associated with reduced emissions
PPC
• High efficiency, low emissions and high load op. Fuel flexible.
• Still some immaturities as research concept: Low load - cold start issues,
high combustion noise
• PPC-MeOH is possible
Lund University / Martin Tunér / Methanol Engine Advancement for Sustainable Transport Symposium / 2016-02-23
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Observations & Research opportunities
• Late direct injection reduces formaldehyde and formic
acid emissions – Something to pursue further in SI,
DICI and PPC
• PPC-MeOH is possible – but needs much more
research: is 60% gross efficiency within reach?
• Methanol has high sensitivity and high heat of
vaporization – Is this combination a key feature in
managing both high and low loads in compression
ignition of neat methanol (for instance PPC)?
Lund University / Martin Tunér / Methanol Engine Advancement for Sustainable Transport Symposium / 2016-02-23
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