Transcript Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon
based molecules.
Carbon has _______valence electrons,
So it can make up to _________ bonds.
This allows carbon to make limitless
compounds.
Carbon
Using only 3 carbon molecules and
as many hydrogen's as you want
make as many molecules as you can.
Saturated vs. non saturated
Make 2 chains of carbons
How many hydrogens can fit in each
chain?
Saturated vs. unsaturated
In one of the chains make a double
bond.
Now add hydrogen's to each.
Is the one with the double bond filled
with the maximum capacity of
hydrogens?
Saturated
When a carbon chain has a double (or
triple bond) it does not need to have the
maximum number of hydrogen's… so it is
not full….. Or not saturated.
When a carbon chain has only single
bonds it needs the max number of
hydrogen's…. It is saturated.
Isomers
Build a chain of 4 carbons, 1 oxygen
and 8 hydrogen's.
Isomers
There were a few different ways you
could have built this molecule.
Each one has the same formula but
different shapes.
When two molecules have the same
formula but different shapes they are
called isomers
Naming hydrocarbons
Look at table P on your reference
table.
This table tells you the 1st part of the
name of a hydrocarbon, depending
on how many carbons it has
Naming compounds
Next the second part of the name is
given depending on is there are
single, double or triple bonds.
Look at table Q.
Example
Draw a hexane, hexene & a hexyne
Draw a butane, butene, & butyne
Draw an ethane, ethene & ethyne
Draw a methane, methene,& methyne.
Naming
To name a compound given…
1- Find the longest chain and name
the molecule after that chain.
Naming
2- Find any carbons coming off and
name them, based off of table P but
add the suffix yl (methane = methyl)
Naming
3- Assign numbers to each carbon on
the main chain and write the number
of the carbon that the chain comes
off.
Note: number the chain so that the
branch gets the smallest number.
Naming
If more then one sidechain comes off
the main chain, label each one, and
write which carbon it branched from.
Functional groups
The hydrogen's of a hydrocarbon can
often times be displaced by a more
complicated set of atoms.
Many times these atoms stay
together as a group.
These groups are called functional
groups
HALIDES
When any of the halogens (group 17)
combine on a hydrocarbon the new
compound is called an organic halide.
We name the molecule by adding the
name of the halogen to the molecule.
Alcohols
When a OH groups adds onto a
hydrocarbon the molecule in now
called an alcohol.
When an OH adds the molecule has
the name ‘OL’ added to the end.
Combustion
Combustion reaction
A combustion reaction is any time a
hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to
give off CO2 and water
Saponification
Saponification is the reactions to
make soap.
That’s all you need to know, the
regents wont ask you to identify,
only know what it is.
A polymer is a long repeated chain of
something, and a monomer is the
single unit.
A subway car is a monomer, the
polymer is the entire train
Polymerization
When the single units are linked
together, to make a polymer
It is called a polymerization reaction.
Polymerization
Halogenation
When a halogen is added to a
hydrocarbon it is called a
halogenation
Halogenation
Recap
Combustion
Saponification
Polymerization
Halogenation