Transcript sterilization

DISINFECTION
&
STERILIZATION
Jana Dáňová
Dept. of epidemiology
Third Faculty of Medicine
INTRODUCTION
disinfection and sterilization are essential for
ensuring that medical and surgical instruments
do not transmit infectious pathogens to patients.
because sterilization of all patient-care items is
not necessary, health-care policies must identify,
primarily on the basis of the items' intended use,
whether cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization is
indicated.
STERILIZATION
Sterilization describes a process that
destroys or eliminates all forms of
microbial life and is carried out in healthcare facilities by physical or chemical
methods
EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH
FOCUSED TO PREVENTION OF
TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES
main task decontamination → process
focused to killing or removing of
microorganisms from subjects and
environment
degree of efficiency sanitation (mechanical
cleaning) and higher degree disinfection
and sterilization
DISINFECTION, DISINSECTION,
DERATISATION (DDD)
main steps leading to protection of human
health
working conditions → protection against
infectious agents (bacterial, viral), vectors,
rodents etc.
DISINFECTION
Regular protective disinfection → part
of basic technological and occupational
methods as a protection against infectious
diseases
Special protective disinfection →
specific type of protection focused to
elimination of infectious diseases, vectors,
animal reservoir etc.
PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR
PROTECTIVE DISINFECTION
They can use only licenced substances by
public health authorities
List of these agents are published in
special register
STERILIZATION
Process leading to killing all
microorganisms (bacterial, viral, including
spors, worms and their eggs)
Sterilisation is realized in special
instruments = sterilizing box (sterilizer)
As a sterile are labeled all objects without
alive microorganisms
PREPARATION BEFORE
STERILIZATION
methods used before sterilization
cleaning of all objects used in health care
package of these objects before
sterilization to sterilizational envelope
PREPARATION BEFORE
STERILIZATION
disinfection → heat 90 oC /10 min. or
termochemical 60 oC/ 20 min.
cleaning → important before sterilization
TYPES OF STERILIZATION
Physical:
steam
hot- air
plasma
radiational
Chemical:
formaldehyde
ethylenoxide
INSTRUMENTS BEFORE
STERILIZATION
CENTRAL STERILIZATION
CONTROL OF STERILIZATION
Monitoring of cycle of sterilization
Effectivness of sterile boxes
Sterile control of materials
DISINFECTION
methods leading to destroy microorganisms
by physical, chemical or combined
techniques to interrupt mode of
transmission to susceptible person
METHODS OF DISINFECTION
Physical disinfection
Physical – chemical disinfection
Chemical disinfection
Physical
disinfection
Physicalchemical
disinfection
Chemical
disinfection
Boiling for 30 min.
Washing and cleaning Alkalies
machines by 60 oC
Boiling in pressure
containers 20 min.
Steamformaldehyde
box
Acids
Boiling by temerature
90 o C /10 min.
Oxidants
UV radiation
Halogens
Compounds of
methals
Alcohols and ethers
Aldehyds
Combined
CONTROL OF DISINFECTION
chemical methods: quantitative a
qualitative measurements
microbiological methods: control of
effectivness of disinfectious materials
FREQUENCY OF DISINFECTION
according type of helath care facility
character of disinfection is part of operating rules
of the healt care facility
usage of disinfectious methods control Ministry
of Health
CLEANING OF HANDS
mechanical washing hands as a part of personal
hygiene→ removing of microorganisms from the skin of hands
mechanical washing hands before surgical disinfection of
hands→removing of microorganisms from the skin of hands
before surgical disifection
surgical disinfection of hands → reduction of amound of
microorganisms on the skin of hands and forearms
hygienic disifection of hans → reduction of amound of
microorganisms on the skin of hands, interruption of mode of
transmission
hygienic washing of hands → usage of washing
tools with disinfectious additive
THANK YOU