Transcript Chapter 2 - Classdat

Chapter 2
Polar Covalent
Bonds:
Acids and
Bases
Suggested Problems 1-19,25-6,31,34,36,3940,51-2
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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Electronegativity Affects pKa Values
When atoms are the same size, the strongest acid has
its hydrogen attached to the most electronegative atom.
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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The Stronger the Acid,
the Weaker Its Conjugate Base
stable bases are weak bases
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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Why are Alcohols Stronger Acids Than Amines?
Oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen.
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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Why Are Protonated Alcohols Stronger Acids
Than Protonated Amines?
Oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen.
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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Hybridization Affects Electronegativity
The weakest acid has the
strongest conjugate
base.
CHE2201,
Chapter 2
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Size Affects pKa Values
When atoms differ in size, the strongest acid has
its hydrogen bonded to the largest atom.
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Some pKa Values
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Substituents Affect the
Strength of the Acid
inductive electron withdrawal
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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A Substituent’s Effect on pKa
Depends on Distance
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Why is a Carboxylic Acid a Stronger Acid
Than an Alcohol?
1. inductive electron withdrawal
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Why is a Carboxylic Acid a Stronger Acid
Than an Alcohol?
2. delocalized electrons (resonance)
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Summary of Factors
That Affect Acid Strength
electronegativity and size
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Summary of Factors
That Affect Acid Strength
hybridization
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Summary of Factors
That Affect Acid Strength
inductive electron withdrawal
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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Summary of Factors
That Affect Acid Strength
electron delocalization
CHE2201, Chapter 2
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