Transcript Petroleum C Notes

Petroleum C
Petroleum as a Building
Source
Petrochemicals
Early 1800’s the only materials
that were used were “found
materials” - materials that
occurred naturally (wood, stone
etc)
Now, most of our products are
created by materials that the
people from 1800’s have never
seen.
Petrochemicals
Petrochemicals - compounds
produced from oil or natural gas.
Some materials use
petrochemicals directly
Detergents
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Cosmetics
Petrochemicals
Polymer - a molecule with
many repeating single units
called monomers.
500 - 20000 repeating
monomers
Petrochemicals
Petrochemicals are used mainly in
the process of making most
materials today.
These include plastics
Paints
Fabrics
Rubber
Insulation
Foams
Adhesives
Molding
Structural materials
Petrochemicals
It takes very few builder
molecules (small-molecule
compounds) to produce many
different substances.
Ethene is a great builder
molecule!!
Double covalent bond between
C’s.
Addition Reaction
Addition
reaction adds water
(OH and H) to
each C atom
Ethene - the
double bond
is broken
Polymers
 Polymer - a long
chained substance
that often repeats
itself.
 Again, ethene is a
great builder molecule
 Polyethylene
(polyethylene) is an
addition polymer - a
polymer made by
many repeating units
of itself
 Monomer is the single
unit that repeats or
makes up the polymer.
(ethene)
Addition Polymers
CFO Plastic Recycling
Do Recycle: Clear and colored plastic
bottles (P.E.T.E. and H.D.P.E)*
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE)
High Density Polyethylene
Don't Recycle: Cottage cheese and yogurt
containers - Margarine and sour cream
containers
Tips:
Discard caps and lids - Labels need not be
removed - Rinse and drain - place in green
bag / blue container co-mingled with
aluminum / tin / metal cans and plastic.
CFO Plastic Recycling
Plastic is Recycled into:
Plastic lumber - Boat docks Landscape ties - Fiberfil - Carpet
Backing
* P.E.T in polyethylene terephalate
(soft drink bottles)
* H.D.P.E is high density
polyethylene (clear milk jugs,
distilled and spring water, punch
drink bottles and colored container
such as Tide, Downy, Ivory, etc.)
Polymer Structure and
Properties
Page 265-66
Carbon atom
The C atom can form four bonds
naturally.
Alkane - hydrocarbon with single bonds
between all carbons
Alkene - hydrocarbon with at least one
double bond between C atoms.
More reactive than alkanes because of
double bond - they make better builder
molecules.
The single and double bonds between
C’s are covalent bonds - occur between
two nonmetals that share electrons
Saturated molecule
Saturated
molecule has
single bonds
between C’s
and is
“saturated”
with H’s.
Unsaturated Molecule
Unsaturated
molecule involves at least
one double
bond between
two C’s thus not
being
“saturated”
with H’s.
A type of alkene
Substituted Alkene
Substituted alkenes have
one other element in
addition to C and H.
Double and Triple bonds in
hydrocarbons
Alkanes - a hydrocarbon with single
bonds between all C’s.
CnH2n+2
Examples: C2H6, C8H18
Alkenes - hydrocarbons with at least
one double bond between two C’s
CnH2n
Examples: C3H6, C5H10
Double and Triple
bonds in hydrocarbons
Alkynes - hydrocarbons with at lest
one triple bond between two C’s
Ethyne (acetylene) - is a commercially
important alkyne. Blowtorches/welding
C2nH2n-2
Examples: C2H2, C5H8
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Cycloalkanes
Take a straight chained
alkane, remove a H from
each end and attach the
two end C’s = cycloalkane
Saturated molecules
Cycloalkanes
CYCLOHEXANE
Aromatic Compounds
Aromatic compounds are ring
structures
Unsaturated
Must have a double or triple bond
somewhere
Benzene is a common,
commercially important, aromatic
compound.
Aromatic Compounds benzene
Builder Molecules
containing Oxygen
Functional Group - an atom or a
group of atoms that imparts
characteristic properties to an
organic molecule.
Alcohols - have an -OH off the main
branch
R-OH
R represents the rest of the organic molecule
-OH represents the the functional group in
this case, alcohol.
Alcohol (ethanol)
Builder molecules
containing oxygen
Carboxylic Acids
Builder molecules
containing oxygen - esters
Condensation Reactions
Carboxylic acid + alcohol
condensation polymer + H2O
Water is produced!!