Transcript Fixation
KOS The microwave multifunctional tissue processor 林臻鞠 友聯光學有限公司 [email protected] 02-26980508 2013.10.31 Microwave heating A bit of theory Theory of microwave heating Wavelengths range from 1mm to 1m Frequency allowed for commercial, medical and scientific applications: 2,450 MHz (12.2 cm wavelength) Heating is caused by - Dipole rotation - Ionic migration Theory of microwave heating Microwaves are not ionising radiation Microwaves energy is largely below the energy necessary to break the bonds of common organic molecules Energy Microwaves radiation (2.450 MHz) quantum energy (eV) 0,0016 Chemical bond energy (eV) H-OH 5,2 CH3-CH3 3,8 Hydrogen bond (water) 0,21 Interaction of materials with microwaves METALS Reflective WATER Absorptive PTFE, PP, TPX Transparent to Microwaves Interaction of materials with microwaves Reflective Metals Absorptive Water, alcohols • Transparent to Microwaves PTFE, PP, Cassette, WAX, Glass Conventional Heating The temperature of the outside surface of the vessel is in excess of the boiling point of the solution CONVECTIVE CURRENTS CONDUCTIVE HEATING SOLUTION 傳導性的 Container is heated first then the solution. Microwave heating SOLUTION MICROWAVE HEATING Solution is heated first Shorter Reaction Times Perception • Microwaves cook my samples Reality Microwaves create physical heat like conventionals do but internally the tissues. Better homogenity & efficiency. • Rapid processing = poor morphology Today’s technology makes 12-14hours a useless waste of time. Quality is guaranteed priority. • Antigens will be lost forever Diagnostic equivalence is validated by studies showing optimal antigen reactivity. • Molecular studies are not possible Microwave do not affect DNA, RNA and proteins’ quality at all. • Day processing is useless Day processing = same day diagnosis = patient centric care KOS The microwave multifunctional tissue processor State of the Art Microwave is switched OFF if: 1.Cavity ventilation is compromised 2.Solvent in cavity is above Threshold 3.Humidity in cavity exceeds set value 4.Microwave leak is detected KOS • Tissue processing • Decalcification • Special stains • Gross hardening • Fixation •Antigen retrieval (93°C to 120°C) In a fraction of the time KOS: Smart and Fast The first Icon driven HistoStation KOS* • Multifunctional: 1 unit 6 applications • Fast: Just plug-in and process • Reliable: Sensors controlled • Flexible: User programs / Favorites • Safe: Sensors monitored • Smart: Icons driven Multifunctional: ONE unit SIX major applications • Fulfilling all requirements set by CAP/C.L.S.I. • Ideal substitute for “kitchen type” microwave oven Rapid Tissue processing Same day results for all tissue types. • From 1 to 45 cassettes • Up to 3 mm thickness • Ideal for transplant center • Safe. No xylene • Urgent biopsies • Ethanol – isopropanol only Fast, unmatched tissue processing time . • 35 minutes For transplant biopsies including fixation • 75 minutes For 2 mm biopsies Add 18 min fixation • 140 minutes For 3 mm biopsies Add 28 min fixation High Quality Slides Excellent H&E, IHC and FISH In a fraction of the time Colonic Biopsy H&E, x400 Adenocarcinoma Cytokaratin CAM 5.2, x400 Breast Red-Labeled HER2-FISH, x800 Breast, HER2 IHC, x400 SMART . ICONS DRIVEN MENU 1) Select thickness . 2) Select number of cassettes . 3) Select reagents 4) Press GO 5) Press START. That’s all Time left will be shown on the terminal Any protocol as Favorite Special Stains Up to 16 slides Up to 76% time saving for staining protocols 1) Select stains menu 2) Select specific stain 3) Follow step by step indications 4) Selected program is prestored ready to use. Dedicated Histomodules 4K, up to 4 cassette 45K, up to 45 cassette 16s, up to 16 slides A review of some key factors influencing the quality of sections and stains Bench-level quality factors • Pre-fixation • Fixation • Grossing • Processing • Embedding • Microtomy • Flotation • Section drying • H&E and special stains • IHC, ISH and FISH • Coverslipping Pre-fixation damage “If tissue is not in a healthy, living state when it is fixed, it can reveal only abnormal details, whatever its subsequent treatment.” Bracegirdle B. A History of Microtechnique Pre-fixation damage: examples Heat damage Dessication Crush artifact Autolysis Fixation: common problems Inappropriate containers Inadequate volume of formalin Poor quality fixative Tissue fragments roughly handled THANK YOU !