Transcript SK0-004-01

CompTIA Server+ Certification
(Exam SK0-004)
1.2 Storage Devices
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Objectives
• Describe the features and
performance
characteristics of serverclass hard disks and solid
state drives
• Describe features of the
SCSI interface and know
how to configure devices
correctly
• Describe features of the
SATA and SAS interfaces
and know how to configure
devices correctly
1.2 Storage Devices
15
Mass Storage Devices
• Persistent storage – can preserve data without
power source
• Application installation and data files
• Shared disk resource
• Interfaces - SCSI / SAS / SATA
• Drive form factors
o
3.5”
o
2.5”
o
5.25”
o
Height – half height or low profile
1.2 Storage Devices
15
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Platters, tracks, sectors, and
cylinders
• Advanced Format / 4K
• Revolutions per Minute (rpm)
o
15,000
o
10,000
o
7200 / 5400
• Access time (milliseconds / ms)
o
Seek time
o
Rotational latency
• Internal transfer rate
• External transfer rate
• Capacity (Gigabytes / GB) or
Terabytes (TB)
1.2 Storage Devices
15
Enclosure / Backplane
1.2 Storage Devices
17
SCSI
• Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
• Parallel SCSI
o
SCSI-1
o
SCSI-2
− Fast / wide SCSI
− Active termination
o
SCSI-3
− UltraSCSI
− Firewire
− Fiber Channel / iSCSI
− SAS
1.2 Storage Devices
18
Parallel SCSI Configuration
• HBA (Host Bus Adapter)
• Signaling
o
o
o
Low Voltage Differential
(LVD)
Single Ended (SE)
High Voltage Differential
(HVD)
• Termination
• IDs and LUN (Logical
Unit Number)
• Drivers / config utility
1.2 Storage Devices
19
Parallel SCSI Connectors
• IDC50 - a 50-pin internal connector used with early SCSI
devices (SCSI-1)
• CN50 - a 50-pin Centronics-style connector used for external
connections in early SCSI devices
• DB25 - a 25-pin connector used primarily by Apple and
Iomega (Zip drives)
• HD68 - 68-pin connectors used for internal and external
ports. 68-pin adapters support Wide SCSI
• Single Connector Attachment (SCA) - an 80-pin connector
that incorporates both a power connector and configuration
wires, allowing for hot swappable drives
1.2 Storage Devices
20
SAS
• Serial Attached SCSI
(SAS)
• Dominates enterprise
server market
• 3, 6, or 12 Gbps
• Bus can host SATA
devices
• Configuration
o
Dual port (redundancy)
o
Single- versus multi-lane
1.2 Storage Devices
20
SAS Connectors
• SFF 8087 - internal mini connector for both adapter card
("host") and 4 drive or backplane ports ("target")
• SFF 8088 - external mini connector for both adapter card and
drive enclosures
• SFF 8484 ("Multilane") - legacy 32-pin internal or external
HD connector (host) supporting four 7-pin lanes (target). The
remaining pins are used for "sideband" signals (LEDs and
status monitoring)
• SFF 8470 ("Infiniband") - legacy jackscrew connector for
both internal and external use
• SFF 8482 - internal connector compatible with both SAS and
SATA drives. This type of connector would be used principally
to attach SATA devices (such as DVD drives) to an SAS bus
1.2 Storage Devices
22
SATA
• Serial ATA (SATA)
• Desktop market /
cheaper servers
• 1.5 / 3 / 6 Gbps
• eSATA
• SATA and SAS
1.2 Storage Devices
22
Solid State Drive (SSD)
• Drive using flash memory
for solid state storage
o
o
Single Level Cell (SLC
Multi-Level Cell (MLC) /
Enterprise MLC (eMLC)
• SSD interfaces
o
SATA
o
PCIe (PCI Express)
o
SATAe (SATA Express)
o
Advanced Host Controller
Interface (AHCI) versus NonVolatile Memory Host Controller
Interface Specification (NVMHCI)
/ NVM Express (NVMe)
HP SSD with SATA interface (Image © 2014 HewlettPackard Development Company)
1.2 Storage Devices
23
SSD Performance
• Use profile
o
Reads versus writes
o
Sequential versus random I/O
• Input / Output Operations per Second (IOPS)
• Wear leveling
1.2 Storage Devices
25
Review
• Describe the features and
performance characteristics
of server-class hard disks
and solid state drives
• Describe features of the
SCSI interface and know
how to configure devices
correctly
• Describe features of the
SATA and SAS interfaces
and know how to configure
devices correctly
1.2 Storage Devices
26