Transcript A Reference Network Model for Large-Scale Planning of Distribution

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Applications of a Reference Network Model to Situations
with a High Penetration of Distributed Energy Resources
Claudio Vergara, PhD.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
July 27th 2015, IEEE-PES General Meeting
With the collaboration of
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Distribution Network Structure
Source: Domingo, C.M.; Román, T.G.S.; Sánchez-Miralles, A.; González, J.P.P.; Martínez, A.C.,
"A Reference Network Model for Large-Scale Distribution Planning With Automatic Street Map Generation,"
Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.26, no.1, pp.190,197, Feb. 2011
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RNM: Formulation options
GREENFIELD
• Planning from scratch (generation of representative networks from location
and basic characteristics of consumers)
BROWNFIELD
• Incremental network expansion (starting from an initial situation design
network additions to cope with future changes on demand and DERs)
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Synthetic network creation process
Source: MIT, The Future of Solar Energy Report
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Two case studies
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SOLAR PV
– Increasing penetration of solar PV in distribution networks (due to the lack of
simultaneity with peak consumption) may increase the needs for network
reinforcements. Energy storage can be used to reduce the impact.
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LARGE SCALE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANNING
– Combining off-grid and grid-connected systems to design energy access
solutions for millions of people in developing countries
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Impact of solar PV generation on
distribution networks
Source: MIT
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Impact of solar PV generation on
distribution networks
Source: MIT
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Impact of solar PV generation on
distribution networks
Source: MIT
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Impact of solar PV generation on
distribution networks
Source: MIT
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Impact of solar PV generation on
distribution networks
Source: MIT
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Impact of solar PV generation on
distribution networks
Source: MIT, The Future of Solar Energy Report
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Impact of solar PV generation on
distribution networks
Distribution
Losses
Energy storage
Source: MIT, The Future of Solar Energy Report
Total incremental
cost
Energy storage
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Two case studies
•
SOLAR PV
– Increasing penetration of solar PV in distribution networks (due to the lack of
simultaneity with peak consumption) may increase the needs for network
reinforcements. Energy storage can be used to reduce the impact.
•
LARGE SCALE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PLANNING
– The Reference Electrification Model: combining off-grid and grid-connected
systems to design energy access solutions for millions of people in developing
countries.
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Testing REM in India
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Conducting planning exercise in Vaishali
district
– Population of ~4M
– Electricity access ~20%
• Collaborating with:
Bihar State government and power
company
Tata Power company
Source: MIT
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Reference Electrification Model
REM supports large-scale electrification planning by automatically producing
detailed system designs:
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•
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Selects the best electrification mode for each customer (grid, microgrid,
isolated)
Selects technologies and sizes components for electricity generation and
distribution
Produces system cost and performance estimates
Sub-problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spatial clustering of buildings
Distribution network design
Off-grid generation design
Electrification mode comparison
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Spatial clustering
Goal
• Determine the best grouping of
customers into grid extension
projects
• And alternative off-grid grouping
Approach
• Restrict search space with minimum
spanning tree
• Use fast estimates of network and
generation cost differences between
options
Source: MIT
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Distribution network design
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Locate power source:
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Microgrid—center of microgrid
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Grid extension—nearest MV line
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Use the Reference Network Model to
design system from the source to the
customers:
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Power lines
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Transformers
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Protections
Source: MIT
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•
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Off-grid generation design
Search space of solar, battery, diesel sizes
For each option, simulate fraction of year and estimate cost
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Heuristic and optimized operation options
P
O
W
E
R
Source: MIT
TIME
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Electrification mode comparison
Off-grid Costs (₹ lakh/yr)
Distribution Network:
Generation + Outages:
Total:
Source: MIT
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116
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Grid Extension Costs (₹ lakh/yr)
100% grid availability
Distribution Network:
66
Energy:
Total:
46
113
50% grid availability
Distribution Network:
Energy + Outages:
Total:
177
66
110
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Sensitivity study for an individual
system: Demand.
Generation Site
Low Voltage Network
Consumers
Source: MIT
Low Demand
Medium Demand
High Demand
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Sensitivity study for regional planning:
Grid reliability
Very reliable
grid (95%)
Source: MIT
~10km
Very unreliable
grid (20%)
Source: MIT
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Remarks
• The reference network model was created to estimate the remuneration
of distribution companies.
• It is capable to approximate an efficient engineering design process of
distribution networks. This has been used to estimate the required
reinforcements under a high PV penetration scenario.
• RNM can be used as a sub-routine in algorithms that simultaneously plan
distribution networks and distributed generation. The Reference
Electrification Model is currently being calibrated to support electrification
planning in India, Rwanda, Kenya and Perú.
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Thank you for coming!
Claudio Vergara, PhD.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
[email protected]
With the collaboration of