Transcript Click - University of Washington

Renewable Energy
Snap Shots from Europe and the Middle-East
Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi
The cialab
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
http://cialab.ee.washington.edu
Outline
• Renewable projects in the Middle-East and
Europe
• Smart Grid
• Challenges
Small Projects in the Gulf Area: Solar
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Parking meters
Offshore buoys
Water heating in hotels
Cooling a 100-flat apartment complex in Dubai
The government of Abu Dhabi is building a
500MW solar power plant (2009)
• The first solar-cell production line is in the
Fujairah Free Zone, UAE
Small Projects in the Gulf Area: Wind
• UAE has the capacity to
produce an estimated 1GW
from several wind farms
– Each wind park is to generate
between 150 to 200 MW.
– First wind power project on
Sir Baniyas Island.
• Is the first in the world designed
to sustain the most severe
climatic conditions including
extremely high temperatures
and high humidity.
Self sustained buildings
Architects are pursuing ambitious projects to
build office towers in Riyadh, Dubai and
Bahrain that produce their own energy.
Tallest Building in the World
• 850m (500 is the existing record in
Taipei)
• Solar energy is used for cooling
• Parking charges hybrid vehicle from
solar systems
But!
Egypt
• Egypt is about to generate 3% of its electrical
energy from renewable resources
– Wind is the main activity
– Thermo solar is rapidly growing
Wind
Average wind speed
Region
Average wind speed
m/s
Ras Sedr
7.5
Au Aldarag
8.8
Zafarana North
9.2
Zafarana Center
9.0
Zafarana West
7.5
St. Paul
8.4
Ras Ghareb
10.0
El-Tour
5.6
El-Ziet Gulf
10.5
Hurghada
6.7
Current Wind Farms At Zafarana
Constru
Completi
Number
Capacity of
ction
on Date
of
Turbine
Capacity
kW
MW
Phase
1
Turbines
2001
50
600
Manufacturer
Nordex
Total
30
(Germany)
2
2001
55
600
Nordex
33
(Germany)
3
2003
46
660
Vestas
30
(Denmark)
4
2004
71
660
Vestas
47
(Denmark)
5
2006
100
850
Gamesa
(Spain)
85
New Installations
• An area of 656 km2 has
been earmarked at El-Zayt
Gulf.
– The new site has excellent
wind speed that reaches 10.5
m/s
– It has the potential for 4GW
wind power capacity
One of the Oldest Projects
• 5.2 MW wind farm at Hurghada
– 42 units with different
technologies and capacities from
US, Denmark and Germany
– 2 blades, 3 blades, pitch control
– 40% of the components were
locally manufactured including
blades, towers, mechanical and
electrical joints
– The farm has been in operation
since 1993.
Statistics of Operation
• Average wind speed = 6.3m/s
• Capacity factor= 18.6%
– (Generated energy/(installed power *8760)
• Generated electricity = 9GWh
Wind speed @ 25m
Other Projects
• Hybrid Wind/Diesel systems at Matrouh
– A hybrid Wind/Diesel system of
• 5 × 25 kW wind turbines
• 2 × 100 KW diesel engines
• Connected to 380 V local distribution grid
Thermo-solar system
Thermo-solar system
• The system is being constructed at Kuraymat
• Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System
(ISCCS).
– Large number of parabolic trough mirrors
concentrate solar radiation on a pipe system
located at the focal area of the mirrors
– The fluid of the pipes is to 400 oC
– The fluid is used to generate steam that can be
used to generate electricity in the nearby thermal
power plant.
Thermo-solar system
• During the night, natural gas is used to
produce the steam
• The ISCCS system consists of
– two gas turbines about 41 MW each.
– One steam turbine of about 68 MW.
• The total area of the collectors’ mirrors is
about 220,000 m2
Europe
Europe Smart Grid: Current System
200kV-1MV
Transmission
transformer
High voltage
transmission line
Power plant
Transmission
transformer
Service
transformer
15kV-25kV
Distribution line
120/240V
Distribution
transformer
Smart Grid: Concept
Smart Grid Features
• Flexible: fulfilling customers’ needs whilst
responding to the changes and challenges
ahead
• Accessible: granting connection access to all
network users
• Reliable: assuring and improving security and
quality of supply
• Economic: providing best value through
innovation and efficient energy management.
What is Smart Grid
• Existing distribution networks have seen little
change and tend to be radial with mostly
unidirectional power flows and ”passive”
operation.
– Their primary role is energy delivery to end-users
• Smart distribution grids will become active
and will have to accommodate bi-directional
power flows.
What to Expect?
• A proportion of the electricity generated by
large conventional plants will be displaced by
– distributed generation
– renewable energy sources
– demand response
– demand side management
– energy storage.
What to Expect?
• Additional stand-by capacity might be required, which
could be called upon whenever the intermittent RES
ceases to generate power.
• It may be economically efficient to seek a European
solution for balancing power rather than national ones.
– For instance, the massive amount of fast-controllable
hydro power in the Nordic and other mountainous
countries of Europe could be used as real-time balancing
power
– for those areas in central Europe, where a large part of
electricity generation could be provided by noncontrollable primary energy. Efficient integration of DG can
be implemented
Sample of Immediate Challenges
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Reliable wind forecasting
Distributed generation
Ride through faults
Two-way power flow (technology and
metering)
• Pollution optimization (minimization!)
• Energy storage
• Distribution control center
Thank You