Transcript hydro power plant - 123seminarsonly.com

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INDEX
Introduction
History
Types
Principle
Simple view
Block diagram
Different dam
Advantage & disadvantage
References
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INTRODUCTION
HYDRO POWER
1) One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating
electricity on large scale basis is hydropower
2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower
3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in
large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available for
unlimited time to come
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HISTORY
- In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grain
and for pumping irrigation water
- Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating
station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power
- The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights
- Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a
vast quantity of electricity
- The largest and last masonry dam built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
was the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona between 1905-1911; its power output has
increased from 4,500 kW to 36,000 kW
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TYPES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Water wheels
2) Hydro power plants
3) Wave energy from oceans
4) Tidal energy
5) Damless hydro power
Based on Quantity of Water Available
1) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
2) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
3) Reservoir hydroelectric power plants
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Based on the Head of Water Available
1) Low head hydroelectric power plants
2)Medium head hydroelectric power plants
3) High head hydroelectric power plants
Based on the Nature of Load
1) Base load hydroelectric power plants
2) Peak load hydroelectric power plants
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PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
WATER CYCLE
The continuous cycle in which water changes from water
vapor in the atmosphere to liquid water through condensation
and precipitation and then back to water vapor through
evaporation, transpiration, and respiration
VAPORATION  PRECIPITION  RAIN
Water energies: Kinetic energy , Potential energy
PROCESS / STAGES
1) Water in reservoir
2) Fall in turbine blade
3) Shaft rotation
4) Electric generation
5) Flow back of water
Water cycle in the hydraulic power plant
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POWER HOUSE
RESEVOIR
PENSTOCK
DAM
TURBINE
GENERATOR
INTAKE
POWER LINE
TRANSFORMER
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Storage dams
To impound water used for
Irrigation
Flood control
Power generation
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COMPONENT AND WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Dam
What is dam
Location
Classification of dams
Storage dams
Diversion dams
Detention dams
Overflow dams
Rockfill dams
Gravity dams
Dam structure and design
Gravity dam
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
The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from
water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation
to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water
reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine.
The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the
generator, making electricity.
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Height of water Place behind the dam
2) Water reservoir
Potential energy
3) Intake or control gates
Gates inside of the dam.
Inlet gates
4) The penstock
To carries the water
Controlled by the control gates
5) Water turbines
Convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL energy
6) Generators
Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL
energy
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Two coils: the supply coil and the outlet coil.
7) Transformer
Converts the alternating current to high voltage current.
Voltage required for various applications is 110V or 230V.
Numbers of turns in outlet coil are double of supply coil, the voltage
produced is also double.
8) Tailrace
Pipeline to drain the water
The potential energy of water in the tailrace has been used to generate
electricity
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A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of
water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing
a negative impact on the local environment.
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 conveying water from the intake to the power
house.
 Of concrete in low heads
 Of steel iis suitable for all heads
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



cleaning machine, which removes debris from water
In order to save water ways and electromechanical
equipment from any damage.
Set steel bars on edge to the flow of water and space about
1“ apart
A head gate or valve should be installed below the trash
rack to control flow and to allow the turbine to be inspected
and repaired.
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CASE STUDY OF “HIRAKUND DAM”
Built
across the Mahanadi river
about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India.
Built in 1956
Length is about (26 km)
It was the first major multipurpose river valley project started after India's
independence.
SALIENT FEATURES
(A)
HYDROLOGICAL :HISTORY
(a)
Catchment
(b)
Rain fall(mm)
-
Top dam level
Dead storage level
83400 Sq. Kms (32200 sq miles)
Original Revised
R.L 195.680M. (R.L.642 ft.)
R.L 197.830 M (R.L 590 Ft)
N: Installed Capicity = 307.50 MW
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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
HYDRO POWER PLANT
Advantages
1) No fuel required
2) Cost of electricity is constant
3) No air-pollution is created
4) Long life
5) Cost of generation of electricity
6) Can easily work during high peak daily loads
7) Irrigation of farms
8) Water sports and gardens
9) Prevents floods
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DISADVANTAGES
1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems
2) Disruption in the surrounding areas
3) Requires large areas
4) Large scale human displacement
5) Very high capital cost or investment
6) High quality construction
7) Site specific
8) Effects on environment
9) Safety of the dams
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