Transcript Network hardware tools

Network hardware tools
Unit objective
 Given a scenario, use appropriate
hardware tools to troubleshoot
connectivity problems
 Use the appropriate software tools to
troubleshoot connectivity problems
 Monitor and analyze network traffic
 Explain the methods and rationales for
optimizing network performance
 Explain the purpose and features of
various network appliances
Topic A
 Topic A: Network hardware tools
 Topic B: Network software tools
 Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic
 Topic D: Network performance
optimization
 Topic E: Network appliances
Cable testing device
 Test cables and network functions
 Can use a device for your particular LAN
or one that’s compatible with multiple
network types
Physical cable tests
 Locating incorrectly wired cables,
open cables, and shorts
 Locating missing cables
 Locating cables that don’t support your
network type
 Testing hub connections
 Testing PC connections
 Testing installed cables
 Testing patch cables
 Locating and tracing inactive cables
Network function tests
 Verify that PC or switch is powered on
 Determine whether device is network PC or switch
 Display maximum network connection speed to
device
 Verify PC-to-switch speed, and data transmission
and port speed or duplex mismatch
 Verify switch-to-switch data transmission
 Determine if straight-through or crossover patch
cable is required
 Find speed bottlenecks on LANs
 Monitor LAN link between two devices
Cable certifier
 Used to conduct cable
quality tests
 Measures speed and
performance
 Verifies that network
cable can perform at
IEEE 802.3 speed
rating
 Available for copper
and fiber optic cabling
 Has display and
remote handsets
Additional features
 Measure cable length and distances to
opens and shorts
 Test cables for continuity, proper
termination, and polarity
 Create wiring maps to locate and
identify cable routes
 Create customer floor plans with
outlets and wire runs
Testing a basic permanent link
1. Select the cable type
2. Separate cable line to be tested from all
network components
3. Connect adapter and patch cord to display
handset and to remote handset
4. Connect patch cord of display handset to
one end of cable line to be tested
5. Connect patch cord of remote handset to
other end of cable line to be tested
6. Follow directions for your cable certifier to
begin testing
Activity A-1
Using a cable certifier
Crimpers
Coax crimper
 Terminating a coaxial Thinnet cable to
a BNC connector
Activity A-2
Terminating with a BNC connector
Twisted-pair cable crimper
Activity A-3
Terminating with an RJ-45 connector
Using a fiber optic cable crimper
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3mm fiber-jacket stripper
Kevlar cutter
Fiber stripper
SC connector cable crimper
Fiber scribe tool
 Additional items needed:
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Fiber optic safety glasses
Fiber disposal bottle
Fiber optic cleaning kit
Epoxy mixer and injection syringe
Epoxy curing oven with thermometer and fiber stand
Fiber optic polishing kit
Fiber optic inspection microscope with 200X+
magnification
Terminating fiber optic cable
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Prepare fiber optic cable
Prepare epoxy
Inject epoxy into ferrule
Insert fiber cable into SC connector
Crimp connector
Cure epoxy
Remove excess fiber from ferrule tip
Polish and clean ferrule
Verify that fiber optic cable has been
correctly terminated
10.Place dust cap over ferrule
Activity A-4
Discussing the steps to terminate
a fiber optic cable
Butt set
 Lineman’s handset
 Used to install and
test local-loop POTS
or MDC lines
 Local loop: physical
connection between
demarc and switch
house
 Tool includes:
– Earpiece
– Mouthpiece
– Set of test leads
Butt set uses
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Check for dial tone
Monitor active calls
Answer incoming calls
Make outgoing calls
Determine if phone or wiring is the
problem with “dead” phone
 Determine if noisy or dead line is
before or after demarc
Modapt® device
Activity A-5
Using a butt set to test an
analog phone line
Toner probe
 Amplifier probe
 Locate, identify, and trace wires or
cables
 Works with a tone generator
Test leads
Modular plug
connectors
Amplifier
Probe
Using a toner probe
1. Set tone generator to tone
2. Test tone generator
3. Connect tone generator to one end of cable
to be traced
4. Use probe to identify where cable comes
into patch panel or 110 block
Move to cable bundle and identify cable that
runs to where you’ve connected tone
generator
5. Disconnect tone generator and turn it off
Activity A-6
Using a toner probe
Punchdown tools
Using a punchdown tool
1. Insert wire between two metal blades on
punchdown block (one wire per contact in
block)
2. Place punchdown tool on top of wire (have
correct side of tool facing up)
3. Apply pressure
to wire until you
hear snap from
tool’s spring
mechanism
Activity A-7
Terminating a CAT 5e or CAT 6 cable
in a punchdown block
Network analyzer
 Identify problems with
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Cabling
Jacks
Network cards
Hubs
Lower-level OSI
hardware
– TCP/IP
Activity A-8
Testing the physical network
Loopback plugs
 Test ports
 Specific to type of
port
 Ethernet loopback
– 10 and 100 Mbps
– Gigabit
 Network loopback
plug: can make
your own or buy
commercial
Activity A-9
Using a loopback plug
TDR
 Locate cabling problems:
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Sheath faults
Broken conductors
Water damage
Loose connectors
Crimps
Cuts
Smashed cables
Shorted conductors
Variety of other fault
conditions
 Verify impedance and termination
OTDR
 TDR for optical cable
 Transmits series of optical pulses
 Measures amount of light
that is scattered and
reflected back
 Uses data to estimate
fiber’s length and
attenuation
 Used to locate faults
Activity A-10
Using a TDR to find a split pair and the
electrical end of a cable
Multimeters
 Used to measure electricity from
power supply or computer component
 Available in digital and analog models
Measuring resistance
1. Turn off device you’re measuring and
disconnect it from power source
2. Disconnect device from its circuit
3. Set multimeter to read resistance
4. Touch two leads of multimeter
together
5. Touch black and red probes to either
side of circuit to be measured, and
read resistance from meter’s display
Measuring voltage
1. Power supply must be on
2. Set multimeter to read either DC or
AC voltage
3. Touch black probe to ground, and
touch red probe to spot where you
want to measure voltage
Measuring current
1. Break circuit
2. Insert meter in break
3. Read current flowing through circuit
 Can also use ammeter or clamp-on
ammeter to measure current flow
Measuring continuity
1. Set multimeter to display resistance
2. Look for circuits with zero resistance
 If multimeter includes a continuity
mode, you can use that
 In continuity mode, multimeter sounds
a tone whenever it detects a closed
circuit
Activity A-11
Measuring electrical values
Environmental monitor
 Connects to network
 Allows remote monitoring of environmental
conditions in equipment rooms
 Monitors:
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Temperature
Power
Humidity
Water
Smoke
Air flow
Room entry
ASHRAE 9.9 guidelines
 Temperature range of 64.4° to 80.6° F
 Constant relative humidity of less than
60%, with:
– Lower dew-point temperature of 41.9° F
– Upper dew-point temperature of 59° F
Activity A-12
Observing an environmental monitor
(instructor demonstration)
Topic B
 Topic A: Network hardware tools
 Topic B: Network software tools
 Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic
 Topic D: Network performance
optimization
 Topic E: Network appliances
TCP/IP utilities
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ARP
ARP ping
DIG
Getmac
Hostname
Ifconfig
IPConfig
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Nbstat
Netstat
NSLookup
Ping
Route
Traceroute
IPConfig
 Use switches to display and modify
TCP/IP properties
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/all
/release, /release6
/renew, /renew6
/flushdns
/displaydns
/registerdns
Ifconfig
 UNIX command to display IP
addressing information
 Enable and disable network cards
Activity B-1
Using IPConfig to display
TCP/IP settings
Ping (Packet Internet Groper)
 Sends packet to another computer to test
connectivity
 Use NetBIOS name, DNS name, or IP
address
Ping troubleshooting
 If you used ping with a domain name, use
IP address of remote host instead
 Try to ping a different computer
 Use IPConfig to verify that the computer
has been assigned an IP address
 Verify all network configuration settings
 Reboot the computer to verify that TCP/IP
has been loaded
 Check the physical connections
Activity B-2
Testing TCP/IP connectivity
NSLookup and Tracert
 NSLookup
– Verifies communication with a DNS
server
– Single or multiple DNS servers
 Tracert
– Verify network path between two
computers
Activity B-3
Using NSLookup and Tracert
Topic C
 Topic A: Network hardware tools
 Topic B: Network software tools
 Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic
 Topic D: Network performance
optimization
 Topic E: Network appliances
Performance Monitor
 Create a baseline to compare system
performance over time
 Monitor system resource usage
 Locate performance problems
 Identify performance bottlenecks
Performance objects
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Network Interface
Memory
Paging File
PhysicalDisk
Process
Processor
TCPv4 and TCPv6
UDPv4 and UDPv6
Bottlenecks
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IPv4 and IPv6
Network Interface
Redirector
Server
TCPv4 and TCPv6
UDPv4 and UDPv6
Activity C-1
Monitoring network performance
Configuration
 Toolbar
 Properties dialog box
Activity C-2
Configuring Performance Monitor
Event Viewer
 Application
 Security
 Setup
 System
 Forwarded
Events
Event information
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Source
Event ID
Level
User
OpCode
Logged
Task Category
Keywords
Computer
Event types
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Critical
Error
Warning
Information
Success Audit
Failure Audit
Activity C-3
Viewing the event logs
Device and application logging
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Antivirus software
Router
Firewall
Wireless access point and RADIUS
DNS server
Domain controller
Activity C-4
Discussing device and application logging
Syslog
 Originator
 Relay
 Collector
Syslog alert levels
0 Emergency: system is unusable
1 Alert: action must be taken
immediately
2 Critical: critical conditions
3 Error: error conditions
4 Warning: warning conditions
5 Notice: normal but significant condition
6 Informational: informational messages
7 Debug: debug-level messages
SNMP
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Managed devices
Agents
NMS
Versions
– V1
– V2: Added security
– V3: Added encryption, message integrity,
and authentication
Network Monitor
 Free Microsoft download
 Packet analyzer/sniffer
 Capture and examine packets
Activity C-5
Capturing network traffic by using
Network Monitor
Topic D
 Topic A: Network hardware tools
 Topic B: Network software tools
 Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic
 Topic D: Network performance
optimization
 Topic E: Network appliances
Rationales
 Reduce network latency
– Latency sensitivity of high-bandwidth
applications
– Jitters in video or voice transmissions
 Increase uptime
– Employee productivity
– Revenue
Methods
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QoS
Traffic shaping
Load balancing
High availability and fault tolerance
CARP
Caching engines
Activity D-1
Discussing network performance
optimization
Topic E
 Topic A: Network hardware tools
 Topic B: Network software tools
 Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic
 Topic D: Network performance
optimization
 Topic E: Network appliances
Networking appliances
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Load balancers
Proxy servers
Content filters
VPN concentrators
Activity E-1
Discussing network appliances
Unit summary
 Given a scenario, used appropriate
hardware tools to troubleshoot
connectivity problems
 Used the appropriate software tools to
troubleshoot connectivity problems
 Monitored and analyzed network traffic
 Explained the methods and rationales
for optimizing network performance
 Explained the purpose and features of
various network appliances