Transcript microcontroller

Microcontroller
Presented by
Hasnain Heickal (07), Sabbir Ahmed(08) and Zakia Afroze Abedin(19)
Overview
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Microcontroller
Microcontroller and Microprocessor
Embedded System
Internal Architecture
Programming Language
Applications
Conclusion
Microcontroller
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A small computer system on a single IC
First used in 1975(Intel 8048)
The introduction of EEPROM in 1993, allowed
microcontrollers to be electrically erased
The same year, Atmel introduced the first microcontroller
using Flash memory.
Microprocessor and Microcontroller
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A microcontroller is a specialized form of microprocessor
Designed to be self-sufficient and cost-effective
Microprocessor is typically designed to be general
purpose
Microcontroller incorporates features of Microprocessor
(CPU, ALU, Registers)
Additional features
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RAM,ROM,I\O ports, counter etc.
Control the operation of machine using fixed program stored in
Rom
Embedded System
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A computer system designed to perform one or a few
dedicated functions often with real-time computing
constraints.
Controlled by one or more main processing cores that is
typically either a microcontroller or a digital signal
processor.
Implementation of Embedded System
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Microcontroller
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Independent System consisting of all components
PLC (Programmable Logic Control)
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Microcontroller or Microprocessor is the core
Used in industrial projects
Microcontroller's fundamental components
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The CPU core
Memory (both ROM and RAM)
Some parallel digital I/O
Basic microcontroller architecture (1/3)
Basic microcontroller architecture (2/3)
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Memory
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RAM
ROM
Store data and code
CPU
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Mathematical and logical operation
Memory units are called Register
Basic microcontroller architecture (3/3)
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BUS
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Input-output unit
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port A, port B, port C … …
Input, output and bidirectional ports
Serial communication
Timer unit
Watchdog
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Group of 8,16 or more wires
Three type, address bus, data bus and control bus
Automatic reset to prevent stall
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
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Needs to convert analog signal to digital signal for processing
Not so fast and accurate
Atmega8 contains 10 bit approximation ADC
Internal and external reference voltage can used
Result may from differ 2% to 3%
Absolute accuracy can be achieved by using external ADC
Block diagram of Microcontroller
Microcontroller Programming (1/3)
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Writing a program which is executed while the
microcontroller runs.
Can be written in assembly, C or Basic
Microcontroller Programming (2/3)
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Assembly
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C
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Takes up least amount of spaces
Best result in terms of speed
Easier to write and understand
Slower than Assembly
Basic
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Nearest a man’s way of reasoning
Microcontroller Programming (3/3)
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Microcontroller understands only hex code
Any language must be converted to a equivalent hex code
The hex code may differ from architecture to
architecture
Hex code generator
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Used to generate the hex codes from the language
Avr tools
Simulator
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Shows the internal processor state as well as the outputs
Allows input signal to be generated
The quickest way of debugging and analyze problem
MPLAB
Proteus
Applications
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Is used in any smart system
Suitable for light weight electronic devices
Used in microwaves to automobiles
Electronic locks
Calculating devices
Automatic ticketing system
And many more
Microcontroller and Robotics
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Microcontrollers are vastly used in robotics
Are used to control the robots
Can be automated or outside controlled
Limited intellegence
Queries
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Thank you