Transcript PG-Folie blau Basisversion

Welcome to
SIEMENS Power Generation
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21-2003.09.09
PG G132
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Timeline
Since 1945 contactless governors ( Magnetic-Regulator )
Since 1931 Power and Frequency - Regulation
Use of Tube-amplifiers since 1923
Pitch-governor up to 60MVA (1908)
Since 1880
Electromechanical Governor
already 8 different types,
2 from T.A. Edison
Tirill Regler
(1905/06)
Thury Regler
(1889)
Centrifugal governor (Watt, 1788)
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1700
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1800
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1900
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2000
First use of a Static Excitation system (1938)
Use of Thyristors ( THYRIPOL) (1966)
Use of digital Voltage Regulators ( THYRIPOL) 1987
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Excitation Systems for Synchronous Generators
Generator Output
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1000 MVA
SIPOL
RG3
THYRISIEM®
Excitation Systems for Generators with rotating Exciters
THYRIPART®
THYRIPOL-L®
Static Excitation System with Compounding Source
THYRIPOL®
Static Excitation System
Application Range
2003-06-03
Extended Application Range
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
SIPOL - The System Solution for Low Power Output
Up to 20 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
• Compact design and easy
installation
• Short delivery time
• Failure monitoring through digital
display
• Actual value displayed on digital
display or as analog value
• User-friendly operation
• Spare parts support* within 24
hours
• Fully digital system stands for
lower maintenance
• Compatible with generator types
of all manufacturers.
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
RG3 - The System Solution for Low/Medium Power Output
Up to 130 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
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2003-06-03
Uninterruptible automatic transfer
through diode decoupling via
redundant power input facility
Redundant manual channel or
redundant AVR with separate power
converter available through redundant
power circuit facility
Local and remote control for
commissioning and operation
Special solution for industrial purposes
Profi-BusTM
The interfaces can easily be adapted to
customer requirements, especially for
refurbishment
Rotating-diode monitoring
Power system stabilizer (PSS)
Joint reactive power control
Volts per Hertz limiter and stator
current limiter
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
THYRISIEM® - The System Solution for Medium/High Power
Output Up to 225 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
• Complete redundant structure
• Two independent controller
channels including manual and
automatic mode
• Two independent rectifier sections
(2 x 100 % concept)
• Rectifiers can be replaced during
operation of generator
• Complete digital controller from
real-value detection up to the
thyristor firing stage
• Complete set of limiters to ensure
safe operation even at the limits
of the generator
• Local operation panel including
fault indications
• Power system stabilizer (PSS)
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
THYRIPART® - The System Solution for Medium Power Output
Up to 1000 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
• Load-dependent: the compound excitation
is fed from generator voltage as well as
from generator current and supports load
steps or short circuits on the generator line
side.
• Black start capability: during start-up, the
internal oscillating circuit delivers a voltage
rise and builds up the field from the
remanence voltage of the generator.
• High availability and reliability: the
fundamental excitation is still supplied
through passive components (transformer,
reactor, capacitor, uncontrolled rectifier)
even if the regulator is out of order.
• Small voltage gradient: normally the
controlled thyristor rectifiers create
relatively high voltage gradients dU/dt. The
THYRIPART® excitation system uses an
uncontrolled rectifier, so the dU/dt is low.
The strain on the field windings insulation
is then lowered.
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
THYRIPOL® - The System Solution for High Power Output
Up to 8000 Amps Excitation Current
Features and Benefits:
• Power system stabilizer (PSS)
• Higher level closed-loop and
open-loop controls
• Volts per Hertz limiter, stator
current limiter
• Local operator panel including
fault indications
• Full redundancy concept possible
(e.g. 2 AVRs)
• fully controlled thyristor rectifier
• fully digital system from actualvalue detection up to firing pulse
generation
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
2003-06-03
THYRIPOL up to 2000 A , 1000 V DC
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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2003-06-03
Standard THYRIPOL, 2200 A
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
2003-06-03
THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 3000 A
( Sidi Krir, Egypt)
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
2003-06-03
THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 4000 A
(HPP Xingo, Brasil)
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Blockdiagramm according IEEE
Synchronous
Machine
Regulator
Exciter
Synchronous
Machine
Power
System
Excitation System
Excitation Control System
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Detailed Blockdiagram
Limiters and
Control
Actual Value and
Static
Reference
AVR
Exciter
Generator
Generator
Terminals
Power System
Stabilizer
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
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2003-06-03
Factory Testing
Insulation Test
Wiring Test
Visual Inspection
Parameter Setting and Verification
Check of Internal PT and CT Circuits
Check I/O
Functional Testing by Simulation
Test of Chopper
Software Test
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Functional Requirements
Automatic Voltage Regulator
• Better +/- 0.2% Regulation
( System according to Accuracy of PT‘s, typical better 0.5% )
• Range from remanent up to 110% rated Generator Voltage
• Excitation Current Regulator
• Reference values setting by raise/lower or analog input
• Most advanced 32bit Technology
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
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Functional Requirements
Modes of Control
Automatic Control Mode ( AVR )
Accuracy < +/- 0.2% Terminal Voltage
Response Time < 0.03s
Smooth Transfer
< 0.1% change in Terminal Voltage
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2003-06-03
Manual Control Mode ( ECR )
20% If 0 ... 110% If nom
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
•
Functional Requirements
Auxiliary Excitation Control Features
Maximum Excitation Limiter (OEL)
- with integration mode
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Ceiling Current Limiter
- undelayed
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Minimum Excitation Limiter (UEL)
- with integration mode
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Volts-Per-Hertz Limiter
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Follow-up Control for Manual Mode
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Reactive Current Controller
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Power System Stabilizer ( Optional )
•Loss of Exciter Diode Protection)
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Fault Analysis
Extensive Fault Supervising System
For each fault is available:
• Fault Number and Description
• Fault Value
• Fault List
• Number of Faults
• Fault time
• Trace for one event
2003-06-03
In Case of no Fault, the Operation Condition is
displayed
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Ceiling Voltage, Ceiling Current
If Uf
Uf = Output voltage of thyristor rectifier
I f = Output current of thyristor rectifier
1
1 = Output current with ceiling operation
2 = Output current without ceiling operation
Ifmax
IfN
I
2
f
If0
Time in s
U
f
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
No-Load Limiter
E2
Ed = I1*xd
U
J1
n

2003-06-03

Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Overexcitation Limiter
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Stator Current Limiter
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Volts per Hertz Limiter
Voltage Order 1 of one Phase
E1 = 4,44 *1*w*1*f*10-8 [V]
i.e.
FLUX is proportional to Ratio Volts/Hertz
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Volts per Hertz Limiter
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Computer Representation of AVR according IEEE 421
VS
OEL
VT
1
-
1 + sTR
KP
HV Gate
-
VREF
V*)RSV
KFF
VS
VRMAX
VAMAX
VA
KA
VR
KB
1 + sTA
VH
UEL
VAMIN
VRMIN
sKF
1 + sTF1
VVE < VRmin = 0
1
VFE > VFEmax : VAmax 1
VFE < VFE max : VAmax 2
VFE < 0
: VAmin = 0
1 + sTF2
V*)RSV : rectifier supply voltage
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
EfD
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Computer Representation of PSS
Brushless Excitation Systems
Static Excitation Systems
VSmax
K_PDG
Vs
VSmin
K1PDG
K0PDG
VSI
1
S TD_PDG
-
.
1
S Ti 1PDG
.
K2PDG
1
S Ti 2PDG
.
K4PDG
K3PDG
1
S Ti 3PDG
.
1
Range
2003-06-03
.
S Ti 4PDG
-200 ... + 199,99 %
6 ... 98304 ms
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
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2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Model - Calculation ( i.g. Design of DC Fieldbreaker )
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Generator Diagramm
Active power (active current)
D
E
Max. turbine power
C
Underexcited
Operating Point
B
A
2003-06-03
Overexcited
Reactive power (reactive current)
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei
Excitation Systems
Solutions
TRAINING
Three Gorges
2003.08.21 – 2003.09.09
Picture of HPP Three Gorges, China
14x 840 MVA Generators, THYRIPOL Excitation Systems
2003-06-03
Power Generation
PG G132/2003-06-03/Rei