슬라이드 제목 없음 - Korea University
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Transcript 슬라이드 제목 없음 - Korea University
14. Information Search and Visualization
Introduction
information retrieval, database management information gathering,
seeking, filtering, or visualization
data mining from data warehouses and data marts knowledge
networks or semantic webs
information search using traditional UI – hurdle for novice users and
an inadequate for experts
Improvements on traditional text and multimedia searching seem
possible as a new generation of visualization strategies for query
formulation and information presentation emerges
task actions (browsing or searching) represented by interface actions
(scrolling, zooming, joining, or linking)
Tasks – specific/extended fact finding, exploration of availability, openended browsing and problem analysis
Searching in Textual Documents and Database Querying
search engine
SQL – requires training, and even then users make frequent errors
natural-language queries – appealing but limited computer processing
capacity
form-fillin queries and query-by-example
simple and advanced search interfaces (fig. 14.1)
five-phase framework
1. Formulation: expressing the search source, fields, phrases,
variants
2. Initiation of action: launching the search explicit, implicit
initiation, dynamic query
3. Review of results: reading messages and outcomes sequence
and cluster
4. Refinement: formulating the next step history buffer
5. Use: compiling or disseminating insight
Multimedia Document Searches
Image search -- query by image content (QBIC) search
for distinctive features or search for distinctive colors
Map search – search by features
Design or diagram search – finding engine designs with
pistons smaller than 6 cm
Sound search – Music-information retrieval system
Video search
Animation search
Advanced Filtering and Search Interfaces
filtering with complex Boolean queries - difficulty of use
automatic filtering - user constructed set of keywords to
dynamically generated information
dynamic queries - direct manipulation queries
faceted metadata search - integrating category browsing with
keyword searching
collaborative filtering - each user rates items, and then system
suggest unread items
multilingual searches
visual searches -
Information Visualization
How to present and manipulate large amounts of information in
compact and user-controlled ways
Information visualization - the use of interactive visual
representations of abstract data to amplify cognition
Resistance to visual approach - textual tools use compact
presentations that are rich with meaningful information and
comfortingly familiar
visual-information-seeking mantra – overview first, zoom and
filter, then details on demand
Data type by task taxonomy (TTT) and seven tasks (Box 14.2)
Information Visualization
1. 1-D 1inear data
in a sequential manner – textual documents, dictionaries, alphabetical list of
names
interface-design issues include what fonts, color, size to use, and what
overview, scrolling, or selection methods to provide for users
2. 2-D map data
maps, floor plans, newspaper layouts
interface-domain features (size, color, opacity)
user tasks – to find adjacent items, regions containing items, paths between
items and to perform the seven basic tasks
Information Visualization
3. 3-D world data
Computer-assisted medical imaging, architectural drawing, mechanical design,
chemical structure modeling, and scientific simulations
users’ tasks typically deal with continuous variables such as temperature or
density
cope with the position and orientation when viewing the objects potential
problems of occlusion and navigation overviews, landmarks, teleoperation,
multiple views and TUI
4. Multidimensional data
n attributes in a n-dimensional space
tasks include finding patterns such as, clusters, correlations, gaps and outliers
three-dimensional scattergram (disorientation and occlusion)
Information Visualization
5. Temporal data
items have a start and finish time, and that items may overlap
finding all events before, after, or during time period and the seven basic tasks
6. Tree data
Treemap
7. Network data
shortest or least costly paths connecting two items or traversing the entire
network
Information Visualization
8. Overview task
zoom-out views of each data type to see the entire collection plus detail view
movable field-of-view box (zoom factors of 3 to 30), fisheye strategy
9. Zoom task
to control zoom focus and zoom factor
10.Filter task
sliders, buttons, or other control widgets coupled with rapid display update
Information Visualization
11.Details-on-demand task
simply click on an item to get a pop-up window with values of each of the
attributes
12.Relate task
proximity, containment, connection, color coding; highlighting
13.History task
history of actions to support undo, replay, and progressive refinement
14.Extract task
extract , save, send by electronic mail, insert, publish
Information Visualization
14.Challenges for information visualization
import data
combine visual representations with textual labels
see related information
view large volumes of data
integrate data mining
collaborate with others
achieve universal usability