Transcript Chapter 15 Notes

Chapter 15
Handling Emergency
Emergency Situations
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Tire blowout
Brake failure
Accelerator malfunctions
Engine failure
Hood flies up
Reducing Emergencies
• Proper maintenance can prevent most
vehicle malfunctions. Examples: checking
wear on tires and brakes with scraping
sounds
Brake Failure
• Pump brake pedal
• Downshift
• Apply park brake with steady pressure
– If car skids, release park brake
Engine Failure
If your engine stops suddenly:
• Shift to neutral when engine first stops
• Begin moving out of traffic
• Turn on hazards, do not brake
• Restart the engine while moving, if car
starts shift in drive and proceed
• If it does not start and retry
Engine Failure
• If engine fails to start
– Raise the hood
– Leave hazards flashing
– Set up warning devices
– Call or go get help
POWER STEERING
FAILURE
•Occurs when
engine dies
•When
steering fluid
is low
•When drive
belt slips or
brakes
•Steering still
works but you
must use more
force
TOTAL STEERING
FAILURE
•Use horn and flashers
•Stop quickly and safely
•Use p-brake “on-off-on-off”
•Shift to lower gear
Tire Blowout
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Grip the steering wheel firmly
Do not brake. Ease up on the accelerator
Check the traffic as you gain control of car
Signal and drive off the road slowly. Brake
gently
• Turn on hazards
Flat Tire
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Keep a firm grip on the steering wheel
Maintain a straight course
Step off the brake. Keep control of vehicle
When car is under control, look for a place
to pull off
Changing a Flat Tire
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Park on level area, away from traffic
Put vehicle in park and turn on hazards
Set the park brake
Block wheel diagonally opposite the flat
Passengers get out of vehicle
Take out jack, spare tire and lug wrench
Changing Flat Tire
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Assemble jack
Jack up vehicle partway and loosen lugs
Jack up tire off ground and remove lugs
Remove flat tire
Mount spare and tighten lug nuts
Lower vehicle and remove jack
Use lug wrench and tighten lugs
Leave the wheel cover off to remind you to fix
your tire
• Put wheel cover, flat, and equipment in trunk
Compact Spare Tire
• A compact spare should only be used to
get your car to a station to fix your flat.
Accelerator Sticks
Use right foot to unhang the pedal
– Kick the side of the pedal or put foot
underneath and lift
Shift the car to neutral or depress the clutch
Slow the car by braking
Signal and pull off the road
This technique should also be used to deal with
cruise control malfunction
Hood Flies Up
• Slouch down in your seat and look through
the crack below the open hood
• If you can not see, roll down your window
and look in the direction you are driving
• Turn on hazards and pump brakes to warn
driver behind you
• Slow down and find a safe place to pull off
Small Engine Fire
• If you have a A-B-C type extinguisher and
the fire is small enough to control
– Use gloves of rag to protect your hands
– Turn you head and open hood carefully
– Direct the extinguisher on the fire
– Never try to disconnect battery or work on the
car while it is still hot
Vehicle Fire
• Can be Dangerous
– Quickly steer off the roadway @ safe open
area
– Driver + Passengers move 100 feet away
– Do not try to put out the fire
– Leave hood closed
LOSS OF VISION
HEADLIGHTS FAIL
•Turn on right signal to light escape path
•Immediately slow down and stop
•Try dimmer switch, parking lights, and hazards
•Move to safe location
When a battery goes dead, your car will make no
sound (or a clicking sound) when trying to start
the engine. You can probably start the car by
using jumper cables connected to a good battery
of another vehicle.
Safety Note: The good battery and dead battery must be of
the same voltage. Also, do not try to charge a frozen battery
because it might explode.
Bring the two cars together
so that the jumper cables
can reach both batteries
easily. Do not let the cars
touch.
Turn off the engine with
each car in park with
parking brake set.
Do not smoke, create a spark or
light a match near a battery.
Make sure all battery terminals,
are clean and free of corrosion.
You can clean them with a wire
brush or baking soda and water.
(In an emergency, Coke also works)
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Identify each positive
and negative terminal.
The positive should be
marked + or red. The
negative should be
marked – or black.
Securely clamp the
positive jumper cable to
the positive terminals on
each battery.
+
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+
Securely clamp one end of the
negative jumper cable to the
negative terminal of the good
battery.
+
Securely clamp the other end of
the negative jumper cable to the
engine block. DO NOT CLAMP
THIS CABLE TO THE DEAD
BATTERY’S NEGATIVE TERMINAL.
IT MAY CAUSE AN EXPLOSION.
Safety Note: Keep jumper cables away from any moving parts.
Engine
block
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+
Start the engine in the
vehicle with the good battery
and let it idle for a few
minutes.
Turn on the headlights
before starting the car with
the low or dead battery. This
absorbs voltage spikes that
can cause damage to a
vehicle's computer.
+
Engine
block
What Should You do at the Scene of a
Vehicle Breakdown or Other Emergency?
• Make Others Aware of Your Problem
• Protect Yourself
• Make Decisions When Help Comes
First Aid Guidelines and Procedures
What Are Some Basic First Aid Guidelines?
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Search scene and decide if you can help
Do not give first aid unless you are confident
Care for most seriously injured first
Keep calm and act quickly
Start mouth to mouth if injured person is not breathing
Try to stop serious bleeding if possible
Do not move injured person unless you must
Get medical help as soon as possible
Do not leave injured person alone at scene unless absolutely necessary
What Are Some Specific First Aid Procedures?
– Restoring Breathing
– Controlling Bleeding
– Treating Shock
Always keep a First Aid Kit for Your Vehicle.