bar code technology and its application to library services
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Transcript bar code technology and its application to library services
BAR CODE TECHNOLOGY
AND
ITS APPLICATION
TO
LIBRARY SERVICES
I R N GOUDAR
HEAD, ICAST
NATIONAL AEROSPACE LABORATORIES
BANGALORE-560017
BAR CODE TECHNOLOGY
It is an automatic identification technology
Bar code is a predefined format of dark bars and white
spaces
Structured to contain a specific piece of information
It allows real-time data to be collected accurately and
rapidly
Combination of barcode technology with computer and
application software improves performance,
productivity and profitability
Discrete Symbology
Continuous Symbology
DATA ENTRY TECHNIQUES
MANUAL
METHODS
– KEYBOARD
OPERATION
– 1 ERROR/300
CHARACTERS
AUTOMATIC
METHODS
– OPTICAL CHARACTER
RECOGNITION
– MAGNETIC INK
– MACHINE VISION
– RADIO FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION
– SMART CARDS
– BAR CODE
BENEFITS OF BAR CODING
REPRESENT UNIQUE IDENTITY OF A PRODUCT
ACCURACY OF DATA INPUT (ERROR FREE)
AID EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES
AND INVENTORIES
LABOUR SAVINGS BY AVOIDING MANUAL
SYSTEM
BENEFITS …
COST EFFICIENT
REAL TIME DATA COLLECTION
MEASUREMENT OF WORK IN PROGRESS
THROUGHOUT THE FACTORY
RAPID ACCESS TO TOTAL PRODUCTION COSTS
MORE ACCURATE DESPATCH
BAR CODE TERMINOLOGY
o
BAR
- The darker, non reflective element of a Bar Code
o BI-DIRECTIONAL SYMBOL
- A Bar Code symbol format which permits reading in
either direction across the bars and spaces
o CHECK DIGIT
- A calculated character included within the Bar Code for
error detection
o FIXED BEAM SCANNER
- A stationary Bar Code Scanner. The symbol must be
moved through the light beam to be read
TERMINOLOGY …
HAND-HELD SCANNER
– A scanner held and operated by a human operator
INTER-CHARACTER GAP
– The space between the bars or spaces
MOVING BEAM SCANNER
– A Bar Code scanner that uses a moving light beam to
dynamically scan and decode a Bar Code symbol
TERMINOLOGY …
SPACE
– The lighter, reflective element of a Bar Code
START CHARACTER
– A special pattern of bars and spaces used to
identify the beginning of a Bar Code symbol
STOP CHARACTER
– A special pattern of bars and spaces used to
identify the end of a Bar Code symbol
Bar-code system
Thermal Transfer Printer
BAR CODE SCANNERS
A device used to extract information
optically from a Bar Code
Bar Code symbol consists of series of
vertical dark bars separated by light spaces
When illuminated reflected light is detected
by electro optical sensor
The intensity of reflected light from the
dark bars is less than that of spaces
SCANNERS …
Reflected light is converted into electrical
voltage signals
Analog voltages are digitized into raw data
The decoder converts this data into the
character data representation of the
symbol’s code
TYPES OF SCANNERS (READERS)
CONTACT READERS
– Must touch or come in close proximity of symbol
– Good where the label cannot be placed in an easy-
to-view position
– Normally hand-held/stationary units
– Common type is pen/wand reader
– A high-density resolution wand used to read a low-
density symbol might see an ink spot as bar or an
ink void as a space
CONTACT READERS
…
A low-resolution wand may not be able to
recognise a narrow bar of high-density
symbol
Positioned angle of wand to the surface and
movement speed across the symbol are key
parameters
Contact Readers
NON-CONTACT READERS
Reader need not come in contact with
symbol
Scan distance may be from 6” to several
feet depending upon symbol size and
scanner design
Hand-held, fixed beam readers
Table mounted fixed beam reader
Table mounted fixed beam reader
Hand-Held moving beam readers
Fixed beam slot scanner
CCD Scanner
Portable Data Collection Equipment
BAR CODE APPLICATIONS
INVENTORY CONTROL
– Portable readers
WORK-IN PROCESS TRACKING (WIP)
COMPANY INVENTORY
– Raw materials
– WIP (Components, Assemblies, Semi finished
Products)
– Finished Products
APPLICATIONS …
SHIPPING
ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
(EDI)
– Direct communication between computers of
two companies (Manufacturer & Vendor)
– Industry-wide EDI standards
– Reduces cost and saves time of business
transaction
APPLICATIONS
…
RETAIL APPLICATIONS
–
–
–
–
Super markets
Counter-mounted Bar Code scanners
Universal Product Code (UPC)
Price and description information
WARE HOUSING
HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS
– Drugs, devices, instruments
– Identification of expiry date
– Blood banking
Blood group
Expiry date
Donor traceability
APPLICATIONS …
BAR CODING IN LIBRARIES
EFFECTIVE LIBRARY NEEDS EACH
DOCUMENT BAR CODED
TWO LABELS PREFERABLY
LABEL TO CONTAIN
– Accession number equivalent Bar Code
– Call number
– Institution logo advantageous
ISBN BAR CODE COULD BE USED
BARCODING IN LIBRARIES …
DATABASE PROGRAM LINKS THE BAR
CODE TO BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF
DOCUMENTS
AUTHORISED ID CARD INCLUDES BAR
CODE
– Card could be used by library
– Institutional ID card
– Social security number
BAR CODE READER INTERFACED TO
COMPUTER
TRACKING OF BOOKS
INCORPORATING BAR
CODE IN LIBRARIES
THE TYPICAL SEQUENCE WOULD BE
– Database creation (OPAC)
– Generate Bar Code for all transact able
documents
– Bar Code membership cards
– Installation of suitable scanning equipment
– Set different criteria for transactions
ADVANTAGES OF BAR CODE
IN LIBRARIES
Quick
and error free entry of access and
membership codes
Ensures total integrity of collected data
No queuing up at check out/check in counters
Avoids piling up of data entry work for counter
staff
Aids generation of suitable reminders to delinquent
borrowers
Stock verification made easy
Thank You