Potential Difference
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Transcript Potential Difference
Potential Difference
Electricity Lesson 2
Learning Objectives
To know what is meant by potential difference.
To define potential difference.
To define the emf of a source.
To calculate electrical power supplied to a
device.
Potential Difference
The work done per unit charge is defined as the
potential difference (pd) or voltage across the
component.
Potential difference is defined as the work
done (or energy transfer) per unit charge.
The unit of pd is the volt which is equal to 1
joule per coulomb.
Potential Difference
If work W is done when charge Q flows through
the component, the pd across the component V
is given by:-
W
V
Q
In words:-
work done
p.d.
charge flow
Example 1
If 30 J of work is done when 5 C of charge
passes through a component, what is the pd
across it?
Example 1
If 30 J of work is done when 5 C of charge
passes through a component, what is the pd
across it?
W 30 J
V
6V
Q 5C
Example 2
If the pd across a component in a circuit is 12 V,
how much energy is transferred from the battery
to the component if 3 C of charge passes
through it?
Example 2
If the pd across a component in a circuit is 12 V,
how much energy is transferred from the battery
to the component if 3 C of charge passes
through it?
W QV 3 C 12 V 36 J
The emf of a source
The emf of a source of electricity is defined
as the electrical energy produced per unit
charge passing through the source.
The unit of emf is the volt, the same as the unit
of pd.
For a source of emf, ε, in a circuit, the electrical
energy produced when charge Q passes through
the source = Qε transferred to other parts of
the circuit.
Electrical Power
Q It
W QV IVt
Consider a component
The symbol Δ is delta, a Greek capital letter Δ,
meaning “change in”.
power current p.d.
P IV
Current
For a current I, the charge flow ΔQ in a time Δt
is given by:-
Q
I
t