Microcontrollers and DSPs
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Transcript Microcontrollers and DSPs
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Hardware and Software
Senior Design – Spring 2012
Microcontrollers
Useful for analog-digital
conversions, timing, counting
pulses, serial communications,
PWM, digital I/O, and much more!
Code can be interrupt driven
Possible applications
Perform an A-D conversion on a
signal and send that data to a PC
Control an LCD display
Receive information from a RF ID
reader
Interpret signals from a numeric
keypad
*Pictures from http://www.electronic-kits-and-projects.com
Tips for using Micros
Program in C
Read all the documentation for the part!!!!
Code in small steps
Best first step is to make an LED blink
Refer to code examples for help
For digital I/O
Be sure voltages are within permissible range
Check if microcontroller can sink or source enough
current
Development boards are a great way to get your
hardware running fast!
TI MSP430
Ultra low power Micro
Free samples from TI (we have a university agreement
and can get samples and programmers)
Free IDE based on eclipse with integrated debugging
Free GCC compiler
Many RTOS solutions available
Hardware debugging makes finding problems in code
easier
Some development boards have integrated wireless
ZigBee support ez430-R2500
Many Examples
Very easy to use USB programmers/Debuggers
*Picture from http://www.ti.com/
ATMEL ATMEGA Microcontrollers
Many Different microcontrollers – most
commonly used for projects are
MEGA168/MEGA128
Powerful user community = Arduino project
Many open source tools, hardware and libraries,
entire tool chain runs on Linux/Windows/Mac
Several simple serial boot loaders to load
programs, programmers are easy to build
Software USB support
More limited hardware debugging
*Picture from http://www.atmel.com/
Arduino
Open source microcontroller
Arduino UNO available in the
ECE store
Based on ATMEL processor
IDE based on the
Processing language
Small boards are easy to
use but have limited I/0
Larger boards have more I/0
but are costly
*Pictures from arduino.cc
Microchip PICs
Available in lab: PIC16F887
Many other types available to order
Two excellent resources
PIC data sheet
PICC Compiler Help
Receive two PICs for free
Disadvantage: Closed
compiler/toolchain
*Picture from http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/39582b.pdf
Other Microcontrollers
BASIC Stamp
Programmed using BASIC
Can be used when high performance is not
necessary
ARM (LPC, TI, etc)
Very Advanced toolchain, very powerful
microcontrollers with a lot of features
Hard to program the hardware
Cypress PSoC
GUI based programming software
Development Kits Available
*Pictures from http://www.basicx.com/ and http://www.ti.com/
DSPs
TI TMS320C54x
Same DSPs as used in ECE 420
Programmable in assembly Simulink or C
Useful for audio processing
TI TMS320C6713
Floating point DSP
Useful for image and video processing
NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS CVS
Real time vision processing
system
programmed in Labview
*Images from http://www.ni.com/vision/cvs.htm
FPGAs
We have several new NI FPGA boards
Useful when very high speed calculations
are needed
Power hungry
Consider using a microcontroller first
Great for projects which require a lot of
recursive or parallel calculations
XBee Radios
Low-power wireless sensor networks
Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 compliant
ISM 2.4 GHz wireless
Serial interface (9600 to 115200)
10 uA sleep current
100 feet indoor range (may vary)
Advanced features include toggling pins
on remote radio, Over the air
programming of features, and many
integrated functions in the radio
hardware (Series 2)
Other Radio Chips
Lynx
Simple wireless data
transmitters and receivers
Available in lab
Wifi and Bluetooth
Serial interface to
microcontrollers
One starting point for products
www.sparkfun.com
* Pictures from http://www.linxtechnologies.com/ and www.sparkfun.com
Miscellaneous Parts
Large selection of components in the
lab
Check the inventory on the website or
speak with your TA
NI myDAQ
12V SLA batteries
Various motors
GPS receivers
LCDs
Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors,
diodes, transistors, etc.
Board Layout Software
Eagle
Installed on lab computers
Free download for board
size < 4x3in x 2 layer
Tutorial on class drive
Orcad
Installed on lab computers
More complicated, lots of
options
* Picture from Kieran Levin
SENSORS!
Interface between:
Real World
Temperature
Humidity
Proximity
Light
Acceleration
Switches
Etc.
Your Circuit
Solutions
Limited Inputs
Limited input ranges
Limited bandwidth
Limited accuracy
Amplification
Clamping within a voltage
range to avoid damage
Debouncing
Filtering
Current to voltage
conversion
Etc.
SENSOR CHALLENGES:
Challenge
Potential Approaches
Inadequate voltage / current
Op Amp, buffer, transistors
Noise
Hardware or software filtering
Switch Bouncing
S/R Latch
Capture Signal
Sample & Hold
Limited Sampling Rate
New sensor
DATASHEETS!
Find them from manufacture or supplier websites.
Without a datasheet it is hard to design around an unknown part
Some Good places to look
Datasheet Repositories
• www.alldatasheet.com