Transcript TETRA in hazardous Environ.

TETRA in Hazardous
Environments
Andrea Festelli
OTE S.p.A.
6th September, 2005
17/07/2015
1
Definition of the “Hazardous Area”
Area with possible presence of an explosive atmosphere
(flammable gases, vapours, or liquids,
combustible dusts or ignitiable fibers & flyings)
Products for use in “Hazardous
Area”
Products for use in hazardous
environments need certification :
ATEX
ATmosphère Explosible
(Europe)
FM
Factory Mutual
(USA)
Directive 94/9/EC (ATEX Directive)
The European Directive 94/9/EC (ATEX Directive)
has been mandatory from 1st July 2003 in :
Belgium, Denmark, Germany,
Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria,
Portugal, Finland, Sweden, U.K. Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland,
Slovakia, Slovenia
Liechtenstein, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland (EFTA)
It covers all equipment and protection systems to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
ATEX Directive (94/9/EC)
• Harmonised protection requirements to
all type of equipment for use in
hazardous environments :
Electrical
Mechanical
Others (protection cloth, helmets etc.)
• This is an increase in scope compared
to previous national regulations.
ATEX Directive (94/9/EC)
EQUIPMENT SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED FROM
THE
ATEX DIRECTIVE
•
•
•
•
Medical devices
Seagoing vessels
Means of transport
Equipment for use by the armed force
ATEX Directive
(94/9/EC)
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
• Fire Brigades
• Petrolchemical Plants
• Fixed offshore
platforms
• Ports and Airports
• Industries (chemical,
pharmaceutical, ...)
• Mines
Type of protection
Marking
d
e
ia
ib
p
m
o
q
Type of protection
Flameproof enclosure
(control stations, motors, fuses,
power electronics)
Increased safety
(motors, luminaries)
Intrinsic safety
(radio equipment, automation
technology)
Pressurization
(switch-and-control cupboards,
analyze-apparatus, computers)
Encapsulation
(coils of motors or relays,
solenoid valves)
Oil immersion
(transformers, relays, control
stations, magnetic contactors)
Powder filling
(capacitors, transformers)
Principle of protection
May be used
in
An propagation of an explosion inside to
outside is excluded
Zone 1 , 2
Avoidance of arc, sparks and excessive
temperature
Zone 1 , 2
Limitation of energy as well as arcs and
temperature
Zone 0, 1 , 2
Zone 1 , 2
Ex-atmosphere keep at a distance from
the ignition source
Zone 1 , 2
Ex-atmosphere keep at a distance from
the ignition
Zone 1 , 2
Ex-atmosphere keep at a distance from
the ignition source
Zone 1 , 2
An propagation of an ignition inside to
outside is excluded
Zone 1 , 2
ATEX Marking
Classification of the hazardous areas :
Dusts
Gases and
vapours
Flammable substances
Present continuously or for long periods or
frequently
Subdivision of
hazardous places
ZONE 0
Required Marking
Equipment group
Category group
II
1G
Likely to occur occasionally
ZONE 1
II
1G , 2G
Not likely to occur and, if it occurs, it
persists for a short period only
ZONE 2
II
1G , 2G , 3G
Present continuously or for long periods or
frequently
Likely to occur occasionally
ZONE 20
II
1D
ZONE 21
II
1D , 2D
Not likely to occur and, if it occurs, it
persists for a short period only
ZONE 22
II
1D , 2D , 3D
I
M1 , M2
MINES
ATEX Marking
Classification of the Gases:
GASES AND VAPOURS
IIC
Sulphide of
carbon
Ethyl-ether
IIB
Acetaldehyde
IIA
T6 (<85°C)
T5 (<100°C)
T4 (<135°C)
Ethane
Hydrogen
Ethylene glycol
Hydrogen
sulphide
Gasoline
N-Hexane
Ethylene
Ethylene oxide
Town Gas
Acrylnitril
Ethyl alcohol
Cyclohexane
N-Butane
Ammonia
Methane
Ethane
Propane
T3 (<200°C)
T2 (<300°C)
T1 (<450°C)
Maximum temperature of the equipment
ATEX Marking
Intrinsic Safety Products
for use in “Hazardous Area” :
The released energy
must be under the safety threshold
also in case of fault.
The risks are:
• high temperature
• sparks
The ib intrinsic safety class permits
active and passive protections,
the ia class permits only passive protections.
Analysis of the surface temperature
of all the components in fault case :
Device
Package
Surface
2
(mm )
Thermal Resist.
(°C/W)
Max Power
(Fault Case)
(W)
MAX1790
MAX1818
MAX8874
MAX1818
LMT4585
RF2175
SA8028
MAX2472
MAX2314
AD607
LMV358
> 20
< 20
< 20
< 20
> 20
> 20
> 20
< 20
< 20
> 20
> 20
25
60
140
60
40
10
30
115
115
50
110
5.4
1.28
1.28
2.55
2.13
11.4
2.13
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
Max Surface
Temperature
(Fault Case)
(°C)
190
132
234
208
141
169
119
202
202
119
196
Limit
EN50020 class T4
(°C)
200
275
275
275
200
200
200
275
275
200
200
Project Strategies (1):
Selected components
Low voltage hardware
(batteries and circuits)
e.g.: in case of short circuit condition
the surface temperature of the
battery cells of the Puma T3 Ex
is not higher than 130°C and there is not
any electrolyte leakage.
Project Strategies (2):
Specific solutions
• thermal gel to reduce the
thermal resistance
• silicon resin to increase the
electrical insulation
Anti-static materials
Protections :
Passive
e.g.: fuses
Active
e.g.: battery pack
with current
limiting circuit
TETRA equipment
to be used in
Hazardous Environments
available on the market
Motorola MTP 700 FM
FM Approved:
• Intrinsic Safe Division 1, Class I, II,
III Groups D, F, G
• Non incendive Division 2, Class I
Groups A,B,C,D with battery
PMNN4049A, Temp Code T3C
Equivalent Atex class supposed:
II 2GD EEx ib IIA T1
OTE PUMA T3-Ex
ATEX Certified:
II 2G ib IIC T4
Designed for :
• Fire Brigades
• Oil & Gas Industries
• Security services
OTE PUMA T3-Ex
45°
• 1W RF power
• Excellent audio quality
• Durable metal-housing
• Dual mode:
• TETRA
• Conventional Analogue
• Built-in Bluetooth interface to
accessories
• Built-in Dead Man switch
• Complete security
Motorola MTP 700
MTP700 FM
Puma T3 Ex
17/07/2015
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