Transcript A Specifier's View of DALI

A Specifier’s View of DALI
June 4, 2002 4:00 PM
Seminar #18
Richard Miller, PE, LC
Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum, Inc.
Sponsored by The International
Association of Lighting Designers
Sponsored by The Illuminating
Engineering Society of North America
Produced and Managed
by AMC, Inc.
Official On-Site
Event Directory
DALI
Digital Addressable Lighting Interface
• “DALI is a protocol dedicated purely for
lighting control”
• DALI allows individual control and
monitoring of lighting systems
• DALI provides precise dimming
• DALI promises flexibility in design, and
ease of installation
Learn How To:
• Leverage the benefits of the DALI
technology
• Specify DALI lighting controls
• Design DALI controls for single rooms,
open offices and whole buildings
• Solve DALI installation and
commissioning issues
Current Lighting Control Systems
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Agili-T by Lightolier
Centura by Leviton
Digital-MicroWatt by Lutron
DMX512 by USITT
Easylite by Easylite Ballasts and Lighting Systems
Ergolight by Ledalite
GR2400 by Lighting Control and Design
IBECS by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
NexLight by Northpoint Engineering Co.
PowerLink by Square D Company
SuperDim by Energy Savings Inc
Synergy by Lithonia
Current Wiring for
Conference Room
History:
From Europe
• Tridonic and others
– Digital Serial Interface (DSI) ballasts in 1991
– Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) ballast in 1998
– Dropped royalties to gain wide spread acceptance of DALI
• IEC
– DALI protocol (IEC Standard 60929, Annex E & G)
advanced to voting process in year 2000.
– Adopted by other leading ballast and control manufactures
– Formally adopted summer of 2002
History:
In USA
• NEMA Controls Council
– Wiring Devices, Controls, and Ballasts
– Liaison with International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC)
– DALI subcommittee
• IESNA Controls Subcommittee
– Established to develop a control protocol
– Reviewed several existing systems
– Asked by NEMA to comment on DALI proposal
DALI AG
• Promote the DALI protocol
• Review protocol compliance by manufactures
• 24 members as of September 2001
–
–
–
–
–
–
International Rectifier, CA
Lightolier, Canada
Lutron, PA
Osram, Germany
Philips, Netherlands
Tridonic, Austria
• (www.DALI-AG.org)
Benefits
• Lower initial cost to the Owner
– Simple wiring
• Higher level of maintenance to the Facility Manager
– Status of lamp and ballast
• Greater flexibility to the Lighting Designer
– Change grouping via software
• Lower energy costs to the User
– Reduced power consumption
• Greater sense of control to the Occupant
– Individual control
DALI
• DALI is not a product
• DALI is a protocol (a set of rules)
(from ballast perspective)
– Power connection
– Lamp response
– Control interface
– Command set
Protocol:
Power Connection
• Initial application of voltage – lamps go
to full output or other preset level
• Universal voltage input – 115V to 300V,
50Hz to 60Hz
• High power factor
• Low harmonics
• Transient protection
Protocol:
Lamp Response
– Precise dimming curve
• Logarithmic curve
• Range: 0.1% to 100% for incandescent,
1% to 100% for linear fluorescent,
3% to 100% for CF
• 254 steps (2.8% increase per step)
• Based on lamp arc power
• (This is not lamp lumen output)
Protocol:
Control Interface
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intent
Electrical
Media
Wiring
Bits and Bytes
No Collision Detection
Control Interface:
Intent
• Low cost
• Simple
• Low interference
• Interchangeable
Control Interface:
Electrical
• Voltage – 0 VDC (+/- 4.5V) to 16VDC (9.5V to
22.5V)
• Voltage drop – must not exceed 2 volts
• Loss of control voltage – lamps go to preset
level
• Current – 2 ma consumption, able to sink 250
ma
• Power – Remote power supply of <250 ma
• Speed – 1,200 bits/sec (compare to Ethernet
at 100Mb/s)
• Must be able to withstand live voltage
DALI Ballast Block Diagram
Control Interface:
Media
•
•
•
•
•
•
Two wire
Twisted pair not required
Shielded pair not required
Non-polarized
No End-of-Line resistor
Standard building wire
Single DALI Loop Diagram
PCA EXCEL one4all
PCA EXCEL one4all
Digital bus
BusMaster
Computer
User
IR
Receiver
PIR
Interface
wall
switch
Interface
DALI-PS
Control Interface:
Wiring
• Maximum length of 300 meters
• Open topology: chain, star, tree
• Class 2 (may be wired as Class 1) (for
ballasts, controls?)
• May be installed with line voltage
DALI Wiring Topology
Diagram
Serial Connection
Star Connection
Control Interface:
Bits and Bytes
• Address (one specific ballast)
• 0AAAAAA1 + CCCCCCCC , 0AAAAAA0 + arc power
• Broadcast (all ballasts)
• 11111111 + CCCCCCCC , 11111110 + arc power
• Group
• 100GGGG1 + CCCCCCCC , 100GGGG0 + arc power
• “Go To Scene”:
• 0AAAAAA1 + 0001SSSS
• 11111111 + 0001SSSS
• 100GGGG1 + 0001SSSS
Control Interface:
No Collision Detection
• Assumes only one sending device
• Ballasts talk only when queried
• No checking for simultaneous
commands
• Control manufacturers must provide
collision detection
Protocol:
Command Set
• Current command set is for ballasts
only.
• >100 commands defined (with space
for future commands)
• Ability to program, control and monitor
status information
Ballast Commands:
To Ballast
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Off
Step Up
Step Down,
On and Step Up
Set Max
Step Down and Off
Set Min
Go to Max
Go to Min
Up to Max
Down to Min
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Fade to Level
Set Actual Level
Set Power On Level
Set System Failure Level
Set Fade Time
Set Fade Rate
Set Scene
Go to Scene
Remove from Scene
Set Group
Remove from Group
Ballast Commands:
Information from Ballast (Query)
– Actual Level,
– Power ON Level
– System Failure
Level
– Max
– Min
– Group Assignment
–
–
–
–
–
Scene Level
Fade Time
Random Address
Version Number
Device Type
Device Types
– Type 0 – Standard (fluorescent)
– Type 1 – Emergency lighting
– Type 2 – HID lamps
– Type 3 – Low voltage halogen lamps
– Type 4 – Line voltage incandescent lamps
– Type 5…255 – Future device types
DALI Programming
• Each DALI loop can support up to 64
individual addresses
• When in initial programming mode:
• Each ballast generates a 24 bit random
address
• Control unit then assigns a 6 bit short address
(0 to 63) to each ballast
• May reassign a 6 bit address to each ballast
• May assign a 6 bit address by disconnecting a
lamp from the ballast
DALI Programming (Cont’d)
• Group Addressing
– Each DALI loop can support up to 16 individual
groups
– Each ballast may belong to any or all of the 16
available groups
• Scene Setting
– Each ballast may have as many as 16 preset
levels (scenes)
– Scenes may be applied to ballasts
– Scenes may be applied to groups
Wiring per NEC
• Approved for use in Class 1 and Class
2 installations
• DALI wiring may be with line-voltage
wiring
• Could use a 5-wire prefabricated wiring
assemble
• Installation must comply with Code
• Verify rating of control units
Electrician’s Wiring Diagram
1
2
3
4
5
6
One Conduit to
other Luminaires
To Panelboard
DALI
Network
Auxiliary Components
• Power Supply
– Voltage – 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V)
– Power – <250 ma
• Controller Units
– Scene Controller
– Daylight Harvesting Controller
– Occupancy Controller
• Computer Interface (optional)
Sensor Connection Diagrams
To Control Unit
To DALI Loop
Auxiliary Components (Cont’d)
• Gateways
– DALI – RS232
– DALI - Ethernet
– RS232 – Ethernet hub
– In separate cabinet from the branch circuit
panelboard
Busmaster Enclosure Installation
RS232 Connection
Panelboard and
Busmaster Cabinet
Complete Building Control
Next Generation Technology
Palm Pilot Interface
Select groups
dim up and down
Off
Select light scenes
User Interface
Protocol – Intent:
Interchangeability
• Manufactures: web site (DALI-AG.org)
• DALI protocol is the minimum
requirement
– Provides compatibility among
manufacturers
• Proprietary features are not prohibited
– DSI
– Line-voltage control
Designing Control Systems
• Lighting Plan for Typical Office
• Lighting Plan for Conference Room
Lighting Plan for Open Office
– CEC Title 24: mandatory
•
•
•
•
Two level or dimming
Occupancy / Auto Off
Daylight Harvest
Time-of-Day off with timed manual override
– Adjust for individual comfort
– Weekend function
– Security function
– Power reduction
STEP 1:
Design fixture layout or retrofit existing fixtures with DALI
compatible ballast.
STEP 2:
Layout DALI network (2 wires) to each fixture independent of
circuit wiring. Each DALI loop can support up to 64 ballast. Loop
wires can be located in same conduit with power wiring
STEP 3:
Design controls into space and determine easiest connection to
DALI bus. Identify placement of bus power supply and optional
network interface.
STEP 4:
Address DALI ballasts. Determine fixture groupings and map
control devices to fixtures. Each ballast can be assigned to
multiple groups (16 max).
Network System Configuration
LP
Lighting Plan for Conference Room
• Multiple luminaries for multiple
functions
• Multiple preset scenes
• Manual controls
Conference Room Lighting Plan
Commissioning
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DALI Ballast Manufacturer
DALI Controller Manufacturer
Luminaire Manufacturer
Architect
Lighting Designer
Electrical Engineer
Electrician
Manufacturer’s Representative
Programmer
Systems Integrator
Commissioner
Commissioning:
• DALI Product Manufacturer
– Test product prior to shipment
• Luminaire Manufacturer
– Test assembly prior to shipment
– Could preprogram addresses, groups, scenes
• Electrician
–
–
–
–
Require high quality splices and terminations
Document power wiring and control wiring
Verify power wiring and lamping
Verify DALI loop – broadcast raise/lower, count ballast
quantity
Commissioning: (Cont’d)
• Lighting Designer / Electrical Engineer
– Determine preset levels for scenes
• Programmer
– Assign and document groups
– Assign and document scenes
• Systems Integrator
– Combine with IT or AV?
Commissioning: (Cont’d)
• Manufacturer’s Representative
– May be the Commissioner
• Commissioner
–
–
–
–
–
Two people with walkie-talkies
Document groupings
Flash addressed ballast until that ballast is found
Cycle through addresses to find ballast address
Document ballast addresses on lighting plans
Benefits of DALI
•
•
•
•
•
Simplify wiring installation
Decrease energy usage
Lower maintenance cost
Increase space flexibility
Improve occupant comfort
Limitations of DALI
• Command Set
• Fade Time: <0.7 sec to 90 sec
• Requires computer to initialize and
program
• Intended only for lighting
• Not enough products
Wish List
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Compact Fluorescent Ballast
Incandescent Dimmer – 120 Volts
Incandescent Dimmer – 12 Volts
Metal Halide Ballast
LED Driver
Occupancy Sensor
Photo Sensor
Daylight Harvesting
Wish List (Cont’d)
•
•
•
•
Schedulers
Peak Load Shaving
Audio/Visual Interface
Motor Control for Blinds, Curtains,
Projection Screens
• Gateways for BACnet®, DMX512,
LONWORKS®, and TCP/IP
• Interface to 0-10V dimming system
Credits
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dalai Lama
Ian Ashdown
Bob Beatty
Brian Beck
Dick Brecher
Pekka Hakkarainen
Gregg Hauser
Wayne Morrow
Dave Peterson
Steve Purdy
Nehal Shah
Howard Yaphe
Kayo Shibano
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Advance / Philips
DALI-AG
Leviton
Lightolier
Osram Sylvania
StarField Controls
Tridonic
The Watt Stopper
Conclusion
•
•
•
•
My original premise
Discoveries
Not enough products
“Sustainable Competitive Advantage”
HELLO DALI