Transcript Diets and Behaviour Change – How do people eat today?

Diets & Behaviour Change
How do people eat today?
Sue Dibb
[email protected] Twitter: @Eating_Better
Data sources & comparisons
• Food supply data (eg FAO stats).
• Household purchase figures (eg Defra Family Food Survey)
• Food eaten outside home? Historically not included (reliably
post 2001-02)
• Consumption data (eg National Diet & Nutrition Survey).
Under-reporting? Raw weight/cooked weight/disaggregation.
Waste. How up-to-date/responsive
• Consumer research eg Kantar Worldpanel:
Responsive/accurate/not public data
• Qualitative data – what people think they consume (Ipsos
Mori, YouGov)
• Market data (value/volume?)
Definitions
• Red meat = beef, veal, lamb, mutton, pork, goat
(some attempts to redefine pork as white meat)
• White meat = poultry
• Processed meat includes ham, bacon, pastrami,
salami, sausages, luncheon meats etc
• Ruminants (cattle & sheep) monogastrics (pigs &
chickens)
• Carcase meat (raw) distinct from processed meat
products
What type of meat are we eating
•
•
•
•
40% poultry (mainly chicken)
31% pig meat
23% beef and veal
6% lamb and mutton
(Eblex 2011)
UK not self sufficient in meat - Import 42% of
domestic demand (58% pig meat)
In what form?
Dairy consumption
Liquid milk
Yog/fromage frais
Cheese
Butter
Dairy Deserts (not frozen)
Cream
•
Defra: Family Food 2012
80%
10%
6%
2%
2%
1%
Meat consumption around the world
Total meat consumption (g/capita/day)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
Year
Africa
China
India
UK
USA
Global meat consumption has almost doubled in the last 50
years from 63g (person/day) in 1961 to 115g (person/day) in
2009 (FAOSTAT 2013).
Western Europe
World
Protein supply (g/person/day)
120
Protein supply in the UK
100
80
Meat
Offals
60
Milk - Excluding Butter
40
Fish, Seafood
Eggs
20
Vegetal Products
0
Year
Gender differences
• Men 226g/day Women 163g/day (meat &
meat products)
(NDNS, DH, 2011)
• 6 out of 10 men and 4 out of 10 women
exceed Gov advice to consume no more than
70g red & processed meat/day
(Westland & Crawley, Healthy & Sustainable Diets in the Early Years 2012)
Trends
• Meat: Family Food Survey: Overall consumption reportedly fairly constant
(dating back to 1974). ?Food eaten outside home
• 4 fold increase in take away consumption since mid-70s
• Significant changes in types of meat
– Significant increase in poultry 5 fold increase from 1961
– Long term trend: less beef (+BSE) & lamb
– Reduction in carcase meat purchased, offal, corned beef
– More processed meat products (sausage rolls, pasties, burgers, bacon,
ham)
– More ready meals/convenience foods.
• Dairy consumption
– long term downward trend in purchases of whole milk (– 29% 2009 –
12)
– Increase in skimmed milk (+4.6%) Semi-skimmed/skimmed milk sales
stable last ten years (overtook whole milk in 1990s)
– Cream (+8.3%)
Impacts of recession
• Effect of recession different: not just less money to spend but
also increases in food prices. (IFS)
• Retail price of meat increased 35% 2007 – 2013 (ONS)
• People spending less and trading down (cheaper calories)
(Kantar World Panel)
• On average, UK households purchased 4.7 per cent less food
in 2012 than in 2007 while spending 17 per cent more. Saved
5.6% by trading down to cheaper products (Defra, Family Food 2012)
• Lowest income group spent 22% more on food,
purchased 5.7% less but only saved 1% by trading down.
• In 2010 poorest 10% of consumers brought 26% less fresh
meat than in 2007 (Defra) and more frozen and processed foods
(also fewer fruit and vegetables)
Impact of Horsemeat Scandal 2013?
• You Gov survey for Eating Better (Sept 13) 25%
said they were eating less meat than a year ago
with ready meals & processed meats most likely
off the menu.
• Grocer survey (Dec 13) 69% said didn’t have an
impact on food purchasing
• Betrayal of trust (53%) Food system not robust
(48%)
• Frozen burgers/ready meals were rightly
identified as affected
• Local butchers did well out of it
Cutting back & trading down 2013
• 1/3rd less likely to buy organic, or
buy meat in premium
supermarkets
• 25% more likely to buy British
meat
• Economic climate + horsemeat =
confusing picture
• Trading down + trend to less
processed meat + avoiding
cheaper meat ranges
Attitudes: increase in sales of ethical
produce
Ethical Consumer Markets Report (ECR), 2012, The Co-operative Group
Attitudes to meat
• Defra (2011) majority of people say open to changing their
diet to help the environment. 63% willing to cut down on red
meat; 45% dairy; 76% confectionery.
• Eating Better (2013) third willing to consider eating less meat,
around 50% willing to pay more for ‘better’ meat (eg taste,
healthier, higher animal welfare, better returns for farmers) –
not just higher social grade groups
• Young people more likely to say don’t eat any meat (1 in 6)
• FSA (2012) safety of meat from outside UK of most concern
• WRAP: 13% of meat is wasted (household)
• We like it (50% said it was favourite part of their meal)
• Cultural significance (meat & 2 veg)
What don’t we know
• Detailed, timely & comparable consumption figures
• Consumption data doesn’t distinguish how meat is
produced
• What dishes people eat? How cooked/served?
• No quantitative dietary model that describes how to
achieve a diet that is both healthy & sustainable (how
much meat/of what type/for different consumers)
• Relevant to individual behaviour – how much do I eat?
• Future trends?