Transcript 52 - ABB Group

How to determine the right self healing grid
strategy to achieve your budget and reliability
goals: A look at three business models
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 1
Self healing grid strategies
Presenter
Cleber Angelo
Outdoor Medium Voltage
Global Product Manager
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 2
Self healing grid strategies
Agenda

Challenges facing utilities today

Situational analysis

Improvement goals for self healing strategies

Introduction to self-healing grid business models


© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 3

device level and /or peer to peer

substation level

centralized
Detailed explanations of each business model including

The type of investment required

Expected reliability improvements

Options to determine the best implementation strategy for your budget
Summary
Self healing grid strategies
Challenges facing utilities today

The industry is moving toward a
deregulated, competitive environment
requiring accurate information about
system performance to ensure
maintenance money are spent wisely and
customer expectations are met

CAIDI and SAIDI scores are under close
scrutiny from government agencies



System reliability pertains to both sustained
interruptions and momentary interruptions
Any interruption of greater than five minutes is
generally considered a reliability issue in some
countries.
Limited capital budgets for continued
improvements in grid reliability
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 4
Self healing grid strategies
Interruption definitions
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 5

Momentary interruption – A single
operation of an interrupting device that
results in zero voltage.

Momentary interruption event - An
interruption of duration limited to the
period required to restore service by an
interrupting device. This must be
completed within 5 minutes or any other
period determined by regulation
agencies.

Sustained interruption – any
interruption not classified as a
momentary interruption
Self healing grid strategies
Improvement goals

Implementing self healing or fault
detection isolation and restoration
(FDIR) can help utilities:

Improve CAIDI and SAIDI metrics
by up to 33%

Decrease restoration time to less
than 30 seconds

Reduce the cost of restoration

Prevent lost revenues

Boost the utility’s reputation with
customers, stockholders and
government regulators
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 6
Self healing grid strategies
1st business model: Device level or peer-to-peer

Device level and/or peer-to-peer


A group of reclosers, load break switches,
and feeder circuit breakers operate together
to restore power in the most optimal manner
Benefits

Allows utilities to focus investments on
feeders that experience the most outages

Fast implementation

Initial low capital investment

Target solution appropriate for problem
feeders

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 7
Self healing grid strategies
Requirements for device level (no communications required)

System topology representation



Pre-fault system status

Normal voltage measurements at each node and on both sides
of “tie switch”

Pre-fault system loading (capacity check for the restoration done
by protection or planning engineers)
Fault detection and isolation


Feeders with single restoration path, generally open “tie switch”
Coordinated protection devices using standard protection curves
and predetermined reclosing intervals
Load restoration

Loss of voltage detected on one side of “tie switch” and on
source side of reclosers on faulted circuit

Timing sequence initiated

If loss of voltage is sustained for predetermined interval, other
reclosers open if necessary to continue isolation and “tie switch”
closes restoring power
Device level
Loop automation (no communications)
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
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GridShield
GridShield
3 VT’s
1 VT
1 VT
Tie Point
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
1 VT
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
1 VT
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GridShield
3 VT’s
Device level
Loop automation (no communications)
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Fault
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
52
GridShield
52
X
GridShield
3 VT’s
1 VT
1 VT
Tie Point
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
1 VT
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
1 VT
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GridShield
3 VT’s
Device level
Loop automation (no communications)
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Fault
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
52
GridShield
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X
GridShield
3 VT’s
1 VT
1 VT
Tie Point
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
1 VT
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
1 VT
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GridShield
3 VT’s
Device level
Loop automation (no communications)
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Fault
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
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GridShield
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X
GridShield
3 VT’s
1 VT
1 VT
Tie Point
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
1 VT
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
1 VT
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GridShield
3 VT’s
Device level
Loop automation (no communications)
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Fault
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
52
GridShield
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X
GridShield
3 VT’s
1 VT
1 VT
Tie Point
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
1 VT
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
1 VT
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GridShield
3 VT’s
Device level
Loop automation (no communications)
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Fault
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
52
GridShield
52
X
GridShield
3 VT’s
1 VT
1 VT
Tie Point
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
1 VT
Midpoint
Recloser
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52
GridShield
GridShield
1 VT
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GridShield
3 VT’s
Self healing grid strategies
Requirements for peer-to-peer (requires communications)

System topology representation




Pre-fault system status

Switch status (upstream and downstream information for
devices)

Pre-fault system loading (capacity check for the restoration)
Fault detection

Based on recloser lockout status and reclosing counter value
change, or substation breaker trip signal

Downstream node of the lockout switch is the fault location
Fault isolation


Feeders with single restoration path, generally open “tie switch”
Downstream switch(es) of the fault location
Load restoration

Start from the downstream node of the isolation switches
Device level
Peer-to-Peer
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
Tie Point
Recloser
IEC 61850 Communications
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
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GridShield
Device level
Peer-to-Peer
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
Fault
52
GridShield
X
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GridShield
Tie Point
Recloser
IEC 61850 Communications
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
Midpoint
Recloser
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52
GridShield
GridShield
52
GridShield
Device level
Peer-to-Peer
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
Fault
52
GridShield
X
52
GridShield
Tie Point
Recloser
IEC 61850 Communications
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
Midpoint
Recloser
52
52
GridShield
GridShield
52
GridShield
Device level
Peer-to-peer
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
Fault
52
GridShield
X
52
GridShield
Tie Point
Recloser
IEC 61850 Communications
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
Midpoint
Recloser
52
52
GridShield
GridShield
52
GridShield
Summary device level
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 20

Initial low capital investment

Target solution appropriate for problem feeders

Best fit for single restoration path circuits

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores

Loop schemes requires voltage sensors

Peer-to-peer requires high speed communications –
IEC61850 is only standards based peer-to-peer
solution available with open protocol environment

Protection/coordination engineers manage logic
Self healing grid strategies
2nd business model: Substation level

Substation level


Coordinated control between groups of
reclosers, load break switches, and substation
circuit breakers within a substation and
possibly with adjacent substations
Benefits

Avoids overloading of adjacent substations

Reduces engineering support and recurring
costs

Target solution appropriate for problem feeders

Supports future communications investments
for applications such as asset health and
volt/Var control

Utilities realize benefits on groups of
substations and the feeders they control

Increases improvement in SAIDI and CAIDI
scores
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 21
Self healing grid strategies
Introduction to substation level
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 22
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IEDs monitor and control switches

Substation computer collects data from IEDs
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FDIR active logic resides on substation computer
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Automatic identification and isolation of a fault

Automatic power restoration

Generally faster response than control centerbased FDIR
Substation level
Substation based supervision
Midpoint
Recloser
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 1
Fault
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GridShield
X
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GridShield
Tie Point
Recloser
DNP/IEC Communications
Sectionalizing
Recloser
Substation
Circuit
Breaker
Source 2
Midpoint
Recloser
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GridShield
GridShield
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GridShield
Substation level
Substation based supervision
Substation level
Substation based supervision
Substation level
Substation computer-based FDIR active logic
Start
Obtain IED Information
No
Permanent Fault
Occurs ?
Yes
Poll IED information
-Sw status (open, close,
lockout)
-Sw recloser counter value
-Sw Current …
- Identify fault location
- Identify isolation switches
- Send isolation control
command
- Confirm isolation actions
Generate Isolation Logic
Implement isolation control
Generate Restoration Logic
Implement restoration control
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 26
- Search alternative sources
- Obtain restoration solution
- Send restoration control
command
- Confirm restoration actions
Substation level
Substation computer-based FDIR requirements
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
Dynamic system configuration update

Represent system topology through system single line

Automatically generates logic for isolation and restoration via single line
model
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System incidence matrix is dynamically generated based on

System connectivity model

Real-time system switch status

Depth-first search strategy (traces all paths available to determine the
optimal solution to restore power)
Fault restoration

Load current-based capacity check (pre-fault load current)
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Single or multi-path restoration supported
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Multi-path restoration – unserved loads picked up by multiple feeders
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 27
Summary Substation Level
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 28

Initial low capital investment

Target solution appropriate for problem feeders

Can provide multiple paths for restoration, but generally best
fit if all sources for restoration are from same substation

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores

Requires communications (lower baud, i.e., 9600) but
possibly already in place

Protection/coordination engineers must work with SCADA
engineers.

Should reduce customized logic in protection devices

Utilities realize benefits on groups of substations and the
feeders they control
Self healing grid strategies
3rd business model – Centralized control

Centralized


© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 29
Coordinated control between groups of reclosers, load
break switches, and high voltage circuit breakers
across the distribution grid
Benefits

Takes advantage of load profile forecasting

Allows utilities to take a proactive approach to power
management

Highest level of worker safety

Supports smart grid initiatives

Utilities realize benefits across the grid

Maximum improvement in SAIDI and CAIDI scores
Self healing grid strategies
Introduction to centralized control

IEDs monitor and control switches

Substation computer collects IED data

Substation computer acts as gateway –
serves IED data to control center
SCADA and DMS

Restoration Switching Analysis (RSA)
run on DMS

© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 30

Load flow analysis as part of RSA,
i.e., full network model used

Automated or advisory FDIR
Generally slower response than
substation-based FDIR, but more
comprehensive solution
Centralized control
Source 2
Source 4
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GridShield
GridShield
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( GridShield
Source 3
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GridShield
Source 1
GridShield
Fault
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GridShield
X
52
GridShield
52
52
52
GridShield
GridShield
GridShield
Source 4
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52
GridShield
B
52
GridShield
52
GridShield
52
Centralized control
Centralized control
Centralized control
Centralized control
Summary centralized control level
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 36

Requires SCADA applications, generally DMS with load flow
and short circuit capability

Target solution appropriate for all feeders

Can provide multiple paths for restoration from multiple
substations

Improves SAIDI and CAIDI scores

Requires communications (lower baud, i.e., 9600) but
possibly already in place.

Protection/coordination engineers must work with SCADA
engineers

Should reduce customized logic in protection devices

Utilities realize benefits on groups of substations and the
feeders they control
Summary
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 37

Electric System performance and reliability are continually
being scrutinized by customers and regulators

Performance indices are becoming more difficult to meet

Bottom line is that utilities need flexible and adaptable
solutions to reduce outage restoration times

No single solution meets every customer’s needs

Device level solutions are generally “low cost”, easy to
pilot and can be implemented by protection and control
group

Substation level solutions provide multi-feeder
restoration paths, again are easy to pilot and can re-use
existing equipment and communications infrastructure

Centralized solutions offers most flexible and
comprehensive restoration options.
Overview
Outdoor Portfolio
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 38
© ABB Group
April 13, 2015 | Slide 39