Transcript Cabinets & Controllers

MOVITE 2012
Traffic Signal Workshop
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History / Basic Operation
Detection
Battery Back Up’s
Fiber Communications
Inspections
MUTCD Chapter 4
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ELECTRO – MECHANICAL
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NEMA TS 1 and TS 2
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170
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2070
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ATC / ITS
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Key Components
Cabinets & Controllers:
ELECTRO – MECHANICAL
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There are still many areas that use electro-mechanical controllers, the simple
fixed time types are relatively easy to maintain and parts are still available
through various sources.
These controllers work quite well in simple applications such as fixed time two
phase intersections, mid block pedestrian signals and fire station signals.
Most of the simpler types operate similarly. A synchronous motor drives a dial or
drum through a gear system; the size of the gear controls the cycle length.
Pins or keys on the dial close contacts which advance a camshaft, which in turn
opens and closes contacts that are connected to the field terminals for the signal
indications.
These units can be very dependable if properly maintained, lubed, and adjusted,
being able to operate for more than a year between services.
There is very little inter-changeability of controllers or parts with these systems.
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ELECTRO – MECHANICAL
Cabinets & Controllers:
PRE NEMA Solid State
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The first solid state controllers were discrete component designs,
but still using electro-mechanical logic and analog timing circuits.
The advent of these units created a need for electronics bench
technicians in the traffic signal industry for maintenance and
repair.
These units progressed to digital timing circuits and modular
designs repairable by qualified electronics bench technicians.
Like the electro-mechanical controllers there was little or no
interchangeablility and the cabinets were unique to the
controllers.
There are still many of these devices in operation today.
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NEMA TS-1
NEMA TS-1
Detector Rack
Monitor
Controller
Cabinets & Controllers:
NEMA TS-1 (old)
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This first NEMA standard implemented in 1976 defined the
connectors and connections for 3 MS type connectors still used
today in the current TS-1 standard.
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The “A” connector contains all of the common unit items (power,
24vdc, logic gnd, etc.) all of the ring 1 controls and all of the
phase 1 & 2 inputs and outputs.
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The “B” connector contains the phases 3 & 4 items, and the “C”
connector contains the phases 5 thru 8 items as well as the ring 2
items.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
NEMA TS-1 (old)
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The concept was to have a 2 phase controller with 1
connector, a 3 or 4 phase with 2 connectors and an 8 phase
with 3 connectors with corresponding 2. 4, and 8 phase
cabinets.
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Many of these controllers were modular in design, purchased
with the modules necessary for the phases and features
desired.
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The inputs and outputs were defined and standardized with
respect to electrical levels as well as basic functionality.
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Coordination, communications, pre-empt and other auxiliary
functions were not defined or standardized, inputs and outputs
for these functions were through a manufacturer defined “D”
connector.
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NEMA TS-1 Controller
Cabinets & Controllers:
NEMA TS-2
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The first TS-2 Standard was approved and released in 1992 with
revisions in 1998 and 2001.
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Abbreviations used in the TS 2 Standard are;
BIU – Bus Interface Unit
CA – Controller Assembly (controller & cabinet)
CU – Controller Unit
DR – Detector Rack
MMU – Malfunction Management Unit
PC – Personal Computer
SDLC – Synchronous Data Link Control
TF – Terminals and Facilities
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Cabinets & Controllers:
NEMA TS-2
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In simple terms, the major changes from TS1 to TS 2 are;
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Elimination of the A, B, C, and D connectors and their associated
cabinet wiring, with exchange of input & output information
through the controller SDLC port and cabling to Bus Interface
Units (BIU) located in the Terminals & Facilities panel and in the
detector rack(s).
The BIUs in the TS-2 system perform the function of the
input/output boards in a TS-1 controller.
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24VDC power supply removed from the controller and replaced
with a separate shelf mount unit.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
NEMA TS-2
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The controller unit and the MMU through the SDLC, exchange
information, performing redundant checks on each other.
The controller unit has access to MMU internal information,
making enhanced event logging, remote intersection monitoring,
and remote diagnostics feasible.
Because controller input and output terminals in the cabinet have
been eliminated, troubleshooting is done through diagnostic
programs in the controller. These programs can be quite different
from manufacturer to manufacturer.
The system is expandable to a total 8 TF BIUs and 8 DET BIUs
allowing for future use and manufacturer specific use.
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NEMA TS-2
Cabinets & Controllers:
NEMA TS-2
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The TS 2 Type 1 Controller can only be used in a TS 2 Cabinet, it
does not have a 24VDC power supply. With the exception of the
120VAC power input, all of it’s inputs and outputs are transmitted
digitally to the BIUs through the SDLC Port and cabling .
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The Type 1 Controller has 4 connectors;
Power Input – 10 pin - MS Type
Port 1 – 15 pin D type - SDLC
Port 2 – 25 pin D type – Interface to PC or Printer
Port 3 – 9 pin D type – 1200 baud, FSK serial port for on-street
communications
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Cabinets & Controllers:
NEMA TS-2
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The TS-2 Type 2 Controller in addition to all of theTS-2
components and capability, has the TS-1 A, B, C, and D
connectors as well as an internal 24VDC power supply making it
downward compatible to operate in a NEMA TS-1 cabinet when
properly programmed.
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The TS-2 Type 2 does not have the Type 1 power connector, the
power comes in through the A connector. When a Type 2
controller is installed in a TS-2 Cabinet, a power connector
adapter may be needed.
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NEMA TS-2
Cabinets & Controllers:
170
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The Model 170 specification was developed by Caltrans and the New
York State DOT to address needs for an "open systems" controller for
transportation applications.
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Unlike the NEMA standard, the Model 170 specifications defined
controller hardware but not software functionality. The Model 170
approach allows software from any source to be loaded and executed on
the controller.
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The 170 can be used for functions other than a traffic signal controller
such as variable message sign control, ramp metering systems,
irrigation control etc.
All of the inputs and outputs are accessed through the 104 pin C1
connector while the C2, C20, C30, and C40 are used for
communications. Although C1 pins are assigned as input or output, their
specific function is determined by the software used.
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170 Controller
170 Controller
Cabinets & Controllers:
170
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The 170 cabinets are designed using standard 19” electronics rack
systems with the components being of the plug-in design.
In addition to the controller a typical 170 cabinet has 1 or 2 input files
which contain the detectors, ped isolators, EVP, and other input devices.
A power distribution assembly (PDA) which contains the circuit breakers,
mercury contactor (N.C.), the model 204 flashers, and the model 206
24VDC power supply.
An output file which contains the model 210 CMU, the model 200 switch
packs, and the model 205 transfer relays.
Many sizes and types of 170 Cabinets are available, from a small pole
mount cabinet up to a 4 door 2 rack unit that can house a monitor for
video detection, a UPS unit with batteries. communications equipment,
surveillance camera equipment, master controller etc. in addition to the
standard intersection controller and equipment.
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170 Cabinet Components
170 Cabinet Components
170 Output File
Cabinets & Controllers:
170
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Input files utilize the standard 22/44 pin edge connector for the input
devices, older models did not differentiate the numbered side of the card
from the lettered side, having only 22 usable connections.
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Newer models have what is called a “split input file” where both the
lettered side and the numbered side are separated allowing for
additional functions. At this point in time pins 19, 20, 21, and 22 have
been assigned for communications to the input devices.
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Input Files
Cabinets & Controllers:
2070
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The ATC 2070 is a current generation "open systems" controller system
and is recognized explicitly within this standard. It was originally
developed as a replacement/upgrade of the Model 170. Its designers
tried to mitigate some of the potential parts obsolescence issues
associated with the Model 170.
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The ATC 2070 also specifies the use of an operating system (OS-9) to
separate the hardware from the application software. By specifying an
O/S, the explicit mapping of user memory and field I/O, as was done
with the Model 170, is no longer necessary.
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The ATC 2070 is a current generation "open systems" controller system
and is recognized explicitly within this standard. It was originally
developed as a replacement/upgrade of the Model 170. Its designers
tried to mitigate some of the potential parts obsolescence issues
associated with the Model 170.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
2070
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The ATC 2070 also specifies the use of an operating system
(OS-9) to separate the hardware from the application software.
By specifying an O/S, the explicit mapping of user memory and
field I/O, as was done with the Model 170, is no longer
necessary.
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The O/S further extends the hardware/software independence
through I/O and memory resource sharing capabilities. These
capabilities allow multiple independent applications to be run
simultaneously on a single controller unit in a multi-tasking mode.
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The ATC 2070 standard also provides for greater subcomponent
interchangeability and modularity than the Model 170. ATC 2070
component modules are defined through specification such that
they are interchangeable among different manufacturers.
2070 Controllers
Question
Why does a traffic light
turn red?
If you had to change in
front of everyone, you'd
turn red, too.
Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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The Engine Board is the heart of an ATC. The CPU, all memory devices,
serial interface devices and processor housekeeping circuits are located
in the engine board, which shall be interchangeable between
manufacturers.
The plug-in form factor and standardized connectorization of the engine
board allow it to fit into the host module of any manufacturer’s controller
to suit any particular application.
The overall ATC physical design allows for either rack mount or shelf
mount cabinet configurations. The controller unit may be capable of
being mounted in a rack cabinet including, but not limited to, cabinets
adhering to the new ITS cabinet standard and the type 170 332, 336,
etc. cabinet specifications. If used in a NEMA TS1 or TS 2 cabinet the
unit shall be shelf mounted.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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The functionality of an ATC will depend on the applications software
loaded into it. Typical anticipated ITS applications to be hosted on the
ATC are: Traffic Signal, Traffic Surveillance, Lane Control Signals,
Communications, Field Masters, Ramp, Metering, Variable/Dynamic
Message Signs, General ITS Beacons, Highway Rail Intersections,
Speed Monitoring, Highway Advisory Radio, Freeway Lane Control,
High Occupancy Vehicle Systems, Access Control, CCTV Cameras,
Weigh in Motion Systems, Roadway Weather Systems, Irrigation
Control.
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The ATC when installed in an ITS cabinet properly equipped, can
perform multiple functions from the list above. Currently there are units
in the field running both local controller and on street master functions
simultaneously.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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The ATC / ITS cabinet melds concepts from both the NEMA and
Model 170 traffic signal. From the Model 170 it takes the concept
of rack-mounted subassemblies. From NEMA, it borrows the
basic serial connections between the controller and
subassemblies.
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The cabinet provides the communications paths between the
various subsystems, as well as a system to monitor their
operation.
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Further, the cabinet provides power supplies suitable for the
various electronic subassemblies mounted throughout the
cabinet. In general, the ITS cabinet is an extension of the original
cabinet used for the Model 170 controller in that it is based upon
the EIA/TIA standard 19-inch equipment rack.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Each of the subassemblies is connected to the controller using a
serial bus, similar to that used in the NEMA TS 2 Type 1
specification. Use of a serial interconnection between
subassemblies allows for easy system expansion.
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The system supports up to twenty-eight switch packs (load
switches) in six and fourteen switch pack increments and ninetysix detector channels in twenty-four channel increments.
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The ITS Cabinet is essentially a platform within which modular
components may be added to serve a variety of ITS applications.
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ASC / ITS Controllers
Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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The major subsystems that may be installed in a cabinet housing
are: Controller, Service Panel Assembly, Input Assembly(s),
DC Power/Communications Assembly & Extension, Output
Assembly(s), Raw/Clean AC Power Assembly & Extension,
Power Distribution Assembly, Cabinet Monitoring System, Fiber
Optic Splice Tray (optional)
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The cabinet is constructed in a modular manner with power
distribution and serial connectors conveniently located
throughout the cabinet to facilitate a wide variety of
configurations and future expansion.
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ATC / ITS Components
Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Input Assembly The input assembly provides services for the typical inductive
loop detectors currently in use ,as well as other more advanced
systems that might provide the controller with serial data instead
of the typical contact closure.
Each assembly accommodates one Serial Interface Unit (SIU) to
communicate with the controller. The rack has space for twelve
two-channel detector units or six four-channel detector units. The
system can address (i.e. the Serial Bus addressing structure
supports) up to four of these assemblies. The detectors in the
assembly can communicate to the controller in the form of either
a contact closure or use of serial data strings.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Input Assembly The back plane of this assembly includes a serial bus to transmit
data to and from detectors. This serial data is then transmitted to
the controller by a Serial Bus.
This allows for the use of “smart” detectors that can pass
additional information such as vehicle classification, Automatic
Vehicle Identification/Location information and speed information
directly to the controller unit. Each slot provides general purpose
power and input/output signals and a serial interface.
The input “slots” can also accommodate the standard collection
of Model 170 or NEMA TS 2 type cards, including preemption
devices, and isolation modules, using the contact closure
interface.
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Input Assembly
Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Output Assembly The output assembly handles the switching of 120 VAC power to
the signal heads. There are two versions of this assembly, one to
accommodate six switch packs and one for fourteen switch packs. It
also has an SIU and an Auxiliary Monitor Unit (AMU). The AMU is
described in more detail in a following section. The output assembly
includes provisions for managing cabinet flash with Flash Transfer
Relays and flash configuration jumpers. To support the AMU
function of current monitoring, the output assembly includes current
monitoring transformers for each switch pack.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Output Assembly These current monitor transformers enable the detection of a “noload” condition on a signal without having to wait for the signal to
cycle. The system can address (i.e. the Serial Bus addressing
structure supports) ten combinations of six switch and fourteen
switch assemblies. For a maximum configuration the system can
address two fourteen switch pack modules for a total of twentyeight switch packs or physical channels, plus four virtual channels
for a total of thirty-two logical channels.
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ATC / ITS Output Files
Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Power Distribution Assembly (PDA) The PDA provides clean protected power to the various
devices and subassemblies within the cabinet assembly. This
assembly also houses flasher control relays, signal power
contactor, and the Cabinet Monitor Unit (CMU). The PDA also
houses two low voltage DC power supplies. One provides
power to 24 VDC devices, the other to 12 VDC devices. Each
of these power supplies is packaged as a slide-out
subassembly.
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Power Distribution Assembly (PDA)
Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Cabinet Monitoring System
The cabinet monitoring system provides a fail-safe
mechanism for the entire collection of subassemblies. The
system for the ATC is a departure from its predecessors in
that it has been split into sub components, the Cabinet
Monitor Unit (CMU) and the Auxiliary Monitor Unit (AMU).
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The real power of this architecture is that it allows the user a
much greater degree of flexibility in cabinet configurations
than previously possible. The use of serial communications to
the CMU is a very powerful concept.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Cabinet Monitoring System Serial communications to multiple CMUs allow for the response to a
conflict at a single intersection and not impact other intersections /
ramps / etc. operated by the same controller. Therefore, one intersection
could go to flash independently of the others, provided that each cabinet
(or each independent output assembly) has a PDA within which a CMU
is installed.
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Cabinet Monitor Unit (CMU)
The CMU is housed in the PDA. There should only be one of these
installed in each cabinet, or each grouping of output assemblies. It is the
main processor unit of the cabinet monitoring system. It monitors main
cabinet functions, such as the condition of cabinet power, door status,
and status of the flasher.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Cabinet Monitor Unit (CMU)
It communicates with the AMUs located in the output assemblies
and compares requested actions (from the controller) with the
actual cabinet operation (switch pack outputs) to detect errors,
conflicts, and other anomalies.
It can then direct the cabinet to a flashing or fail-safe condition.
The configuration and operational characteristics of the CMU is
determined by software.
This programming may be customized to user needs and
desires. There is also a specific reporting format, in order to
address the minimum mandatory functionality of this unit. The
minimum functionality is at least that provided by the NEMA TS 2
Malfunction Monitoring Unit.
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Cabinets & Controllers:
ATC / ITS
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Cabinet Communications Systems The controller communicates with the various cabinet
subassemblies via a serial bus arrangement. There are three
separate serial buses employed. These buses are similar to
those used in the NEMA TS 2 specification and communicate
using a Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) protocol.
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Serial Interface Unit (SIU) / Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
The SIU functions as the cabinet communications and control
unit. The SIU communicates with the ATC Controller Unit through
a Serial Bus via the Modular Bus Assembly. A SIU is needed for
each input assembly and each output assembly connected to the
ATC Controller Unit.
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Serial Interface Unit (SIU) /
Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
SUI’s / BUI’s
Standard Signal Components:
MONITORS
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To minimize litigation issues, it is highly recommended that all
monitors be periodically tested on an automated test set that can
provide documentation. The test set should also have
documented calibration that is current.
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Conflict monitor channels do not necessarily coincide with
controller phases, this relationship is determined by cabinet
wiring and load switch output assignments.
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It is recommended that unused don’t walk or red load switch
outputs such as left turn reds be connected to AC + to prevent
unwanted monitor tripping, particularly in a TS 2 Cabinet.
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Standard Signal Components:
MONITORS
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All monitors perform 3 basic functions; 24VDC Power Supply
Monitor, CVM (NEMA) Watchdog (170) monitors an output from
the controller indicating it’s proper operation, and Conflicting field
outputs.
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Monitor manufacturers have added many useful features not
required by standards and specifications such as minimum
clearance monitoring, dual indications, fault memory etc.
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Because of the liability aspects as well as the liberal warranty /
repair policies of the monitor manufacturers, it is usually better to
return monitors to the manufacturer for repair.
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Standard Signal Components:
MONITORS
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NEMA TS-1 CMU
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3, 6, 12 and 18 channel conflict monitors with 4 inputs per
channel, green, yellow, red, and walk.
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3 channel units used with 2 phase controllers & cabinets
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6 channel units used with 4 phase controllers & cabinets
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12 channel units used with 8 phase controllers & cabinets
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18 channel units are for special applications such as multiple
overlaps, these units are seldom used.
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Controller Voltage Monitor (CVM) monitors an output from the
controller verifying controller self checks.
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24 VDC 1 and 24 VDC 2
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Standard Signal Components:
MONITORS
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NEMA TS-2 MMU
16 channel monitor with 3 inputs per channel, peds use their own
channels.
This unit is downward compatible with and configures itself as a
12 channel, 4 inputs per channel when installed in a TS-1
cabinet, and the “type select” input is not connected or at a logic
high as TS-1 cabinets are usually wired.
When used in a TS-2 cabinet, the controller communicates with
the monitor through the SDLC port, verifying that the monitor is
“seeing” at the field terminals what the controller is putting out,
adding another layer of safety.
Per TS-2 standards the MMU channels are wired to the
corresponding load switch. MMU channel 1 to Load Switch 1 etc.
The SDLC port can not be tested by a monitor tester or a BIU
tester, this function may be checked in a functioning cabinet or
returned to the manufacturer if suspected bad.
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NEMA Monitors
Standard Signal Components:
MONITORS
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Type 170 CMU
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The model 210 is a 16 channel monitor like all 170 components
is a plug in type module.
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Typical channel assignments are; channels 1-8 to 1-8 phases, 912 to 1-4 overlaps, and 13-16 to ped 2-4-6-8 respectively.
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The program board contains a matrix of diodes, allowable phases
are programmed by removing the appropriate diodes.
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Like the NEMA monitors, units with extended features such as
dual indication monitoring, absent or short clearance monitoring,
fault memory, etc. are available.
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170 / 2010 / 2018 Monitors
Standard Signal Components:
POWER SUPPLIES
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NEMA TS-1
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Auxiliary 12 VDC or 24 VDC Used for card racks, communications
equipment, video detection
Controller internal 24 VDC capable of 500 ma. Used primarily for load
switches
Pedestrian push button Isolation (usually 12VAC)
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NEMA TS-2
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Stand alone shelf mount, has the following outputs
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24 VDC Used for load switches and BIU power
12VDC Used for detection rack
12VAC Pedestrian push button Isolation (thru BIU)
Line frequency reference for BIU
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NEMA Power Supply
Standard Signal Components:
POWER SUPPLIES
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TYPE 170
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The model 206 24 VDC power supply is a stand alone rack
mounted unit located in the PDA assembly.
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This unit is used to power the load switches, detectors and other
input devices as well as any other auxiliary equipment requiring
24 VDC.
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The 206 is a regulated power supply capable of 5 amperes.
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Power Supplies
(170)
Standard Signal Components:
LOAD SWITCHES
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Load switches provide the interface from low voltage controller
signals to high voltage (120 VAC) field connections to illuminate
the desired signal indication.
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Typical load switches have 3 LED’s on the front, these
indications relate to the inputs to the load switch from the
controller. Those with 6 indications also display the load switch
output.
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Problems with load switches can be complete failure placing
outputs on all the time at 120 VAC or can be leakage problems
with voltage ranging anywhere from 1 VAC up to 120 VAC on the
output.
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Older load switches designed for use with the heavier load of
incandescent lamps sometimes have excessive leakage when
used with lighter load of LEDs causing intermittent monitor
tripping.
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Standard Signal Components:
LOAD SWITCHES
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Switching from ON to OFF occurs in the range of 6 to 16 VDC.
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Load switches are interchangeable between NEMA TS-1, TS-2,
and 170
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The use of zero crossing switching circuits allows the use of
much lower rated components to control the high inrush current
of incandescent lamps.
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Most load switches use a triac to control the 120 VAC outputs.
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Loadswitches
Standard Signal Components:
Flashers
• Meets NEMA TS1, TS2, and Type 170 requirements.
• Operating Voltage Range: 60 to 135 VAC
• Dual Circuit Operation
• Provides 56 Flashes/Minute
Flashers
Standard Signal Components:
BIU
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The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) is a component of the NEMA TS 2
Controller/cabinet assembly.
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The BIU performs the interface between port 1 at the controller
and the Terminal Facilities (TF), Detector racks, and other
devices.
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Its functions include controlling load switch outputs, detector
resets, communicating with inductive loop detectors and other
devices, and the conditioning and conversion of the TF and loop
detector call inputs for the controller.
The BIU will not be damaged by insertion or removal with power
applied to the rack.
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Communications to the controller is through the SDLC port.
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Addressing of the BIU is determined by the wiring or jumper
configuration of the slot it is plugged into.
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BIU’s
Questions?