Transcript Human Development - Continuous process from fertilization until

Human Development - Continuous
process from fertilization until
death.
I. Prenatal Development - Changes that occur prior to birth.
A. _________ - union of oocyte (egg) with sperm.
Only _____ sperm can fertilization an _______.
___ days prior to ovulation to ___ day afterwards.
Sperm uses _________ (enzyme), which is released from
the head (________), to penetrate the oocyte.
Oocyte two layers
______________ - outer layer
______________ - inner layer
Blastocyte
B. Embryonic Period - First 8 week
Stage
Day
___________
___________
1–3
3-6
12-16 cells
Trophoblast - placenta
Inner cell Mass – stem cells,
____________
7-14 Trophoblasts contacts the
endometrium
_________________ – embryo (ectoderm, endoderm)
__________
14-21 Forms the placenta
__________
14-21 Envelops the embryo in the amniotic
cavity
__________
21
Primitive Streak - mesoderm by
gastrulation
__________
21
Notochord grows out of mesoderm
cells from primitive streak Neuralation.
Formation of the germ layers
Mapping Cell Fate
Neural Tube & Crest Formation
Maternal Changes
Weeks
Body development _______
Recognizable human by a
series of folds.
_________ - Head cavity
_________ - Tail cavity
_________ - Alimentary
canal
3rd - Week
Placenta development
_____________ - finger like
projections of the placenta that
invades the endometrium.
_______________ - maternal
blood in the endometrium
_______________ - Prevents
mixing of embryonic & maternal
blood.
______- causes ___________
to remain functional (continue
production of progestron &
estrogen until it go produce its
own around 3 months).
4-5 Weeks
________________ development of major
organs.
Arise from out pockets
Cell to Embryo
C. Growth of the ________
Fetus ____ wks until _______
Start of bone __________
Organs __________
Covered by _________ - fine, soft hair
_________________of fat for insulation &
nutrient reserve.
Slough of epithelial cells that protect the fetus
from wastes that may be found in the amniotic
fluid.
______ wks - able to live outside the mother
______wks - full term, lost lanugo, but still covered by waxy
coat.
2.5 g - 3500 g
0.01 ounce - 7 pounds, 11 ounces Mitosis
1 inch - 20 inches
II _______________ - Process of
giving birth
A. Prior to birth
Placenta releases ________ which
cause minor uterine contractions
(_________________________).
_________ in frequency as nearing
full term.
Prepares the ___________ for
power full contractions necessary
for birth.
______________ of the uterus
sends a signal to the ___________.
____________ pituitary releases
____________ which targets the
myometrium.
_____________ contractions which
begins labor.
B. First Stage – Early
Contractions pushes _______
against the _________.
_____________ breaks &
releases __________.
Contraction continues which
_________ the __________
________(positive
feedback).
Contractions ________ in
intensity until cervix is
______ cm.
Last up to ____ hrs.
C. Second Stage
____________ dilations to
deliver the _________.
Abdominal ________ are
added.
1 _____ to 1 _____.
D. Third stage - _______
Placenta _______ from the
uterine wall (____________).
_________ & _________
levels drop dramatically.
Menstrual flow begins ______
wks later.
III Postnatal Development - Birth until Death.
A. ___________ - Production of milk by the mammary glands.
Begins at ________ & may last up to 2/3 years (regular
suckling).
______________ - estrogen & progestrone stimulate the ducts in
the breast
Accumulation of ______
Prolactin is ______ during __________, but its effects are
_____________ by the _______ levels of __________ &
______________.
&
Once placenta __________ the body (_______ levels of estrogne
progestrone), the effect of ___________ is felt (increase in milk
production).
_________ is produced for the first few days which is
high in ___________ & low in ____& lactose.
______________, antibodies levels _______, fat &
lactose levels __________.
B. Flow of milk requires ______________________.
1. Suckling triggers nerve impulse to release ________.
2. Oxytocin cause cells to _________ (milk let down).
3. __________, _______, ___________ of schedule
feeding.
4. _________________ as long as ________________
continues, will stop after several days of non -nursing.
5 Stages in Life
Respiratory & Circulatory
changes
C. Stages of Life Males ______, females ____
1. Infancy (1-2 yrs ) ________
a. __________ changes in first few breaths takes up to
a _______________ to complete.
1. __________________ is closed off & forms the
fossa ovalis, _______ chambered heart.
________________ in blood pressure in the
left atrium & ____________ in blood pressure in the
right atrium.
2. _______________________closes off.
Blood flows to lungs as they expand.
3. ______________ - cut & tied, blood goes to the
vena cava.
b. Rapid ________ growth.
c. Rapid ________ growth.
d. _________ birthday, _________ & ____________.
2. Childhood (__________ to ________)
________________ to the world around them.
__________________.
__________________.
_____________________ in the brain.
Learns _________________at the _______________.
_______________________ than the rest of the body.
3. Adolescence
male 10-12 - 18yr
female 8-11 – 16
a. Physiological changes
_______________________________
___________________ reaches _______________.
__________________________________ develop.
_______________________
Males max. height is reach ____________ yrs. old.
Female max. height is reached ______________ yrs old.
4. Adulthood- longest
_______________________ growth.
______________________________ builds up.
________________________________.
________________________________.
________________________________.
________________________________.
_____________________ can ____________ health.
5. ____________________ - old age
___________
_________________________
Loss of posture
Muscle of ______________________
__________________ nerve impulses
Skin becomes _____________, ___________ pigmented.
Immune response, __________________ pneumia, tumurs,
& infections
6. Death
____________ body functions stops
_______ of _____ or ________________ organs