Transcript Cognitive Development Part 2

Cognitive Development
Part 2
1. Authoritarian
- Parents impose rules and expect obedience
Results: children tend to have less social skills and
self-esteem
2. Permissive
- Parents make few demands, use little punishment,
usually give in to children’s wants
Results: children tend to be more aggressive and
immature
3. Authoritative
- Parents are both demanding and responsive
- Set rules and enforce them
- Explain their reasoning and can allow exceptions
Results: children with highest self-esteem, self-reliance,
& social skills – also achievement oriented
Parenting
Styles
Lawrence Kohlberg
• Developed theory about how
children’s moral reasoning
development
• Believed this occurred in stages
• Felt that children advanced at
different rates
• Not everyone reaches the highest
levels
Lawrence Kohlberg
A woman was near death from cancer.
One drug might save her, a form of
radium that a druggist in the same town
had recently discovered. The druggist
was charging $2,000.00, ten times what
the drug cost him to make. The sick
woman's husband, Heinz, went to
everyone he knew to borrow the money,
but he could only get together about half
of what it cost. He told the druggist that
his wife was dying and asked him to sell it
cheaper or let him pay later. But the
druggist said "no." The husband got
desperate and broke into the man's store
to steal the drug for his wife. Should the
husband have done that? .... Why do you
think so?
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Levels
Stages
What is Right?
Level One:
Preconventional
Morality
(before age 9)
Stage 1
Punishment-Obedient
Orientation
Obey rules to avoid punishment
Stage 2
Instrumental Relativist
Orientation
(Satisfying Needs)
Doing right is satisfying own needs
Level Two:
Conventional
Morality
Stage 3
Good Boy – Nice Girl
Orientation
Good behavior is what pleases people
Stage 4
Law & Order Orientation
Moral judgements based on the law; high regard
for authority
Stage 5
Social Contract
Orientation
Obedience to accepted laws – laws must
recognize basic human rights
Stage 6
Universal Ethics Principle
Orientation
Follow own internalized sense of justice, even if
they conflict w/ laws and rules
Level Three:
Postconventional
Morality