Transcript Model of Taxonomy Development

Enterprise Information Architecture
A Platform for Integrating Your
Organization’s Information and Knowledge Activities
Tom Reamy
Chief Knowledge Architect
KAPS Group
Knowledge Architecture Professional Services
http://www.kapsgroup.com
Agenda
 Enterprise Information Architecture
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Need for Integrated Semantic Solution
– Content, Technology, People, Activities
 Benefits of an Integrated Semantic Solution
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Cost Savings, Business Value
 Implementation of Enterprise Information
Architecture
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Enterprise Strategy – Integration
Where Search / Convera fits in
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KAPS Group: General
 Knowledge Architecture Professional Services
 Started Three Years Ago
 Virtual Company: Network of consultants – 12-15
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Top Taxonomy People, Partner with other consultants
– Partners – Convera, (and others), etc.
– First Convera Certified Taxonomy Developers
 Articles – KMWorld, EContent, Information Today, etc.
 Presentations – KMWorld, Information Today, Pharmaceutical,
Learning, Information Architecture
 Topics: Knowledge Architecture, Taxonomy Boot Camp,
Enterprise Search, Complexity Theory, Intranets
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KAPS Group: Services
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Consulting, Strategy recommendations
Knowledge architecture audit
Taxonomies: Enterprise, Marketing, Insurance, etc.
Services:
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Taxonomy development, consulting, customization
Technology Consulting – Search, CMS, Portals, etc.
Metadata standards and implementation
Knowledge Management: Collaboration, Expertise, e-learning
Information Architecture, Web Development
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Need for Integrated Semantic Solutions
 Integrated: “Effective IM starts at top.
Most organization’s IM
starts with grassroots approaches that only add to the problem of
information silos” (Forester)
 Semantics:
Taxonomy, metadata, controlled vocabularies,
Personas, Topic Maps, Natural Categories
– Taxonomies in top 10 technologies for 2006 (Gartner)
– “Through 2006, more than 70% of firms that invest in
unstructured information-management initiatives won’t
achieve their targeted return on investment, due to
underinvestment in taxonomy building (.7 probability)”
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Need for Integrated Semantic Solutions
 Integrated Semantic Solutions:
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Combination of technology and semantics
CMS/LMS – content creation is the right time to add metadata
– cheaper and better metadata
Portals and Search – contextual information and feedback
 Technological Integration – very expensive, no one solution to CMS,
LMS, Search, Portal
 Semantic Infrastructure - allows the meaningful integration of content
with a minimal technological element (XML)
– Cheaper, faster, less resources
– Deeper integration – knowledge, not just data
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Four Essential Contexts
 Content and Content Structure
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Data and Unstructured Information
Standards and Procedures
 People – Company Structure
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Communities, Users, Central Team
 Activities – Business processes and procedures
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Central team - establish standards, facilitate
 Technology
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CMS, Search, portals, taxonomy tools
Applications – BI, CI, Text Mining
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Content & Content Structures
 Content
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Huge variety of types, sources, and uses
Structured data, unstructured documents, web pages, email
 Semantic Infrastructure – Foundation
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Essential content structures – taxonomies, metadata,
vocabularies, synonyms, ontologies, best bets
Standards, publishing policies and procedures
• Metadata standards, common taxonomies
• Integration of metadata into publishing process
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Taxonomies
 Taxonomies are an Infrastructure Resource
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Indexing for search:
• Meaningful relevance ranking
• Categorization & related content
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Browse
• Better user experience, buy more
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Text mining, Alerts, Competitor Intelligence
 Metadata - Keywords – most difficult
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Need to do it right and completely to get real value
Need Taxonomy, Controlled Vocabulary
Value from all fields – purpose, title, description, audience
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Enterprise Information Architecture
People Structures
 Individual People
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Tacit knowledge, information behaviors
Advanced personalization – category priority
• Sales – forms ---- New Account Form
• Accountant ---- New Accounts ---- Forms
 Communities
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Variety of types – map of formal and informal
Variety of subject matter – customer experience,
demographics research, scuba
Variety of communication channels and information behaviors
Community-specific vocabularies, need for inter-community
communication
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Infrastructure Team
 Semantic Infrastructure requires both an infrastructure
team and distributed expertise.
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Software and SME’s is not the answer – keywords
Need local expert input, integration not rigid standardization
 Infrastructure Team
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Variety of roles and skills, plus part time, partners
Facilitating author metadata, Research metadata theory
Creating, acquiring, evaluating taxonomies, metadata
standards, vocabularies
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Enterprise Information Architecture
Technology & Processes
 Technology: Infrastructure and Applications
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Enterprise Platforms: unstructured data management, CM with
categorization, Portals, Collaboration, Text Mining
 Organizational and Technology Context
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When, who, how, and how much structure to add
Pre-creation, creation, retrieval, application
 Creation – Content Management, Innovation, CoP’s
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Metadata, categorization
– Workflow with Meaning
– Central Team and distributed SME’s and authors
 Expertise locators – balance of structure and serendipity
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Content Creation, Customer Services
Agency Activities
Text Mining, Alerts, Personalization
SEARCH / PORTAL / EAI /
Content Management
Data
Documents
Databases
Drives
Email
External
Internet
Subscriptions
Activity
Services
Technology
People
Tacit
Knowledge
Content
Layer
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Content Creation, Customer Services
Agency Activities
Text Mining, Alerts, Personalization
SEARCH / PORTAL / EAI /
Content Management
Documents
Databases
Drives
Email
External
Internet
Subscriptions
Services
Technology
Data base schemas, Metadata,
Taxonomies, Vocabularies, Personas
Data
Activity
People
Tacit
Knowledge
Content
Structure
People
Policies
Tools
Content
Layer
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Integrated Solutions - Business Case:
IDC White Paper
 Information Tasks
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Email – 14.5 hours a week
Create documents – 13.3 hours a week
Search – 9.5 hours a week
Gather information for documents – 8.3 hours a week
Find and organize documents – 6.8 hours a week
 Gartner: “Business spend an estimated $750 Billion annually
seeking information necessary to do their job. 30-40% of a
knowledge worker’s time is spent managing documents.”
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Integrated Solutions - Business Case:
IDC White Paper
 Time Wasted
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Reformat information - $57 million per 10,000 per year
Not finding information - $53 million per 10,000
Recreating content - $45 Million per 10,000
 $150 million per 10,000 -- Small Percent Gain = large
savings
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1% - $1.5 million per year per 10,000
5% - $7.5 million
10% - $15 million
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Integrated Solutions - Business Case:
General ROI Issues
 Justification
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Search Engine - $500K-$2Mil
Content Management - $500K-$2Mil
Portal - $500-$2Mil
Plus maintenance and employee costs
 Taxonomy
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Small comparative cost – 1%
Needed to get full value from all the above
Search & Portal – deliver higher value
CMS – get value from investment
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Integrated Solutions - Business Case:
Business Benefits
 Reduce development costs, cycle times
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Increase employee efficiency
Less time looking, more time doing
 Enhance communication
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Capture and reuse knowledge
Innovate better & faster
 Cost of not finding right information
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Business – lost money, opportunities
Security – lost lives
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Integrated Solutions - Business Case:
General ROI Issues
 Creates a platform for future projects
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Support new types of analysis
Text mining, alerts, CI, BI, etc.
 ROI – the wrong question
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What is ROI for organizing your agency?
 You wouldn’t run a government agency without organizing
your employees and computers, why think you can create
information access without organizing your information?
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Enterprise Strategy
General Approach
 Think Big, Start Small, Scale Fast
 Think Big
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First Step: knowledge architecture audit, K-Map
• Understand what you have, what you are, what you want
• Contextual interviews, content analysis, surveys, focus groups,
ethnographic studies, information behaviors
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Natural level categories mapped to communities, activities
Category Modeling - “Intertwingledness”
Living, breathing, evolving foundation is the goal
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• Turn over maintenance to enterprise architecture team
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One outcome – map which areas to do more research
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Enterprise Strategy
Sequence & integration
 Overall Sequences
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Vision / Audit / Enterprise Team & Tools
Content structure / CMS / Search
Portal / New Applications / Integrate Applications
 Coordinate with IT and functional units
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Maximize the impact of everyone
Allow for cheaper, smoother implementation
Avoid having to redo parts of either – or worse, buy new
technologies to support
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Enterprise Strategy
Content Foundation
 Content Management
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Create a metadata standard with implementation rules
– Controlled vocabulary
– Data and content integration
 Develop/Buy/Customize Enterprise Taxonomy
– Deep taxonomy – platform
 Metadata Repository
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Develop Metadata Standards – Dublin Core+, Implementation
Common resource for search and CMS and?
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Enterprise Strategy
Infrastructure & Application Technologies
 Unstructured Data Management: Entity and Fact Extraction
 Enterprise Search - Federated
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support for taxonomies, browse, facets & variety of metadata
 Portal
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Support for community personalization
 Advanced Applications
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Text Mining, Alerts, Competitor Intelligence
Business Intelligence, internal activities
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Enterprise Strategy
Search / Convera
 Dynamic Categorized search and browse is best
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Can’t predict all the ways people think
Can’t predict all the questions and activities
• Advanced Cognitive Differences
• Panda, Monkey, Banana
 Complex Topics: intersection of facets, facets and subject
matter – Post coordination
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What users are looking for and what documents are often
about – China and Biotech, Pharma and Farms
Power of fuzzy relationships
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Enterprise Strategy
Search as Infrastructure
 Ontologies – modeling the world
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Excalibur
From information to knowledge
From text mining to Fact Mining
 Knowledge Management
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Expertise Location – people finding the right people
Communities of Practice – people working with people
Social Network analysis – understanding how people work
Smart applications – learn and adapt to users behaviors
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Conclusions
 Importance of Integrated Semantic Solutions
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Semantic Infrastructure
 Need to locate IM in 4 contexts
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Deep Structure – models and team
 Business Case
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Embarrassment of Riches – getting “realer”
Metrics and Real Stories
 Think Big, Start Small, Scale Fast
 Convera – An infrastructure Platform
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Questions?
Tom Reamy
[email protected]
KAPS Group
Knowledge Architecture Professional Services
http://www.kapsgroup.com