Transcript Which do you think they chose?

Life Span Development
Modules 4-6
Cognitive Development
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages
pages 63-68
Cognition
 all
mental activities
associated with
thinking, knowing, &
remembering
 children
think
differently than adults
Jean Piaget
 developmental
psychologist
 theory:
four stages of
cognitive development
 the
way children think &
solve problems depends on
their stage of development
Schemas
 Concepts
or mental frameworks that people
use to organize & interpret information
 Example: dog, opening containers, dating
How do you develop schemas?
1.
Assimilation
2.
Accommodation
Assimilation
 interpret
a new experience
within the context of existing
schemas
 the
new experience is similar
to other previous experiences
 Example:
inviting someone
out for a date
Accommodation
 adapt
one’s current schemas to incorporate
new information
Assimilation/Accommodation
Assimilation/Accommodation
Assimilation/Accommodation
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive
Development
Stage
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete
Operational
Formal
Operational
Age
Range
Description
Key
Developmental
Events
1) Sensorimotor Stage
 birth
– 2 years
 child
gathers information about world
through senses & motor functions (grasping,
touching)
 key
developmental event: object permanence
Object Permanence
 awareness
that things
continue to exist even when
they cannot be sensed
 evidence
memory
of a working
2) Preoperational Stage
 age
2 to 6 – 7
 can
understand language but not logic
 key
developmental events: lack conservation,
develop language, egocentricism, pretend play
Conservation Task 1
Conservation Task 2

Candy Jars Prompt:
 Will the number of candies in the jar
that initially contained only yellow
candies be the same as the number of
candies in the jar that originally
contained only red candies?
______ Yes
______ No
Conservation
 understanding
that properties (mass, volume,
numbers) remain the same even if you change
an object’s form
Conservation
Conservation
Conservation
Types of Conservation Tasks
Egocentrism
 inability
to take another’s point of view
3) Concrete Operational Stage
7 – 11
 learn to think logically & understand
conservation
 key developmental events: conservation
 age
4) Formal Operational Stage
 age
12 – adulthood
 can
think logically and in the abstract, can solve
hypothetical problems (what if…. problems)
 key
developmental events: abstract logic, mature
moral reasoning
Example of Formal Operational Thought

Whenever Emily goes to school, Meredith
also goes to school. Emily went to school.
What can you say about Meredith?
Social Development in Infancy &
Childhood: Attachment
pages 68 - 71
Attachment

emotional tie with another
person; demonstrated by
seeking closeness to
caregiver

3 Elements of Attachment:
1.
2.
3.
body contact
familiarity
responsiveness
Body Contact - Harry Harlow Study

researched attachment in infant
monkeys

monkeys had to chose between:


cloth mother
wire mother that provided food
Which do you think they chose?
Harry Harlow
 Result:
monkeys
spent most of their
time by the cloth
mother
Moral Development:
Lawrence Kohlberg
pages 85 -88
Lawrence Kohlberg
 three-stage
theory on
how moral reasoning
develops
reasoning – sense
of right and wrong
 moral
 read 1st
page 86
paragraph on
1. Preconventional Moral Reasoning
 characterized
by the desire to avoid punishment
or gain reward
 typically
children under the age of 9
2. Conventional Moral Reasoning
 primary
concern is to fit in and play the role
of a good citizen
 strong
desire to follow the rules and laws
 typical
of most adults
3. Postconventional Moral Reasoning
 characterized
by references to universal
ethical principles that represent the rights or
obligations of all people
 most
adults do not reach this level
Social Development in
Adolescence
page 88 - 89
Erik Erikson
 constructed
an 8-stage
theory of social
development