Transcript Final Exam Review - East Richland Christian Schools

Worldviews Final Exam 2010
• Philosophy Paradigm Chart
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Christianity
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Christianity
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Revelation
Science
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Ontology (the
nature of being)
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Created in
God’s image,
but fallen
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Created in
God’s image,
but fallen
Product of
evolution
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Created in
God’s image,
but fallen
Product of
evolution
Evolving into
Godhood
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Created in
God’s image,
but fallen
Product of
evolution
Evolving into
Godhood
Death
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Created in
God’s image,
but fallen
Product of
evolution
Evolving into
Godhood
Death
After death,
judgement
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Created in
God’s image,
but fallen
Product of
evolution
Evolving into
Godhood
Death
After death,
judgement
Annihilation
Christianity
Naturalism
(Secular
Humanism,
Marxism)
Cosmic
Humanism
(New Age)
Epistemology
(knowledge)
Revelation
Science
Inner truth
(intuition)
Ontology (the
nature of being)
Supernaturalism
Materialism
Non-naturalism
Cosmology (the
universe)
Creation
Evolution
Evolution
Ethics
Rooted in
character of
God
Ethical
relativism
Boundless
ethical
relativism
Anthropology
(the nature of
man)
Created in
God’s image,
but fallen
Product of
evolution
Evolving into
Godhood
Death
After death,
judgement
Annihilation
Reincarnation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A) Naturalism
B) Non-naturalism
C) Supernaturalism
D) Anti-realism
E) Dialectical Materialism
F) Common Sense Realism
G) Faith and Reason
H) Deconstruction
• _____Christianity
• C) Supernaturalism and G) Faith and Reason
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A) Naturalism
B) Non-naturalism
C) Supernaturalism
D) Anti-realism
E) Dialectical Materialism
F) Common Sense Realism
G) Faith and Reason
H) Deconstruction
• _____Islam
• C) Supernaturalism and G) Faith and Reason
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A) Naturalism
B) Non-naturalism
C) Supernaturalism
D) Anti-realism
E) Dialectical Materialism
F) Common Sense Realism
G) Faith and Reason
H) Deconstruction
• _____Secular Humanism
• A) Naturalism
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A) Naturalism
B) Non-naturalism
C) Supernaturalism
D) Anti-realism
E) Dialectical Materialism
F) Common Sense Realism
G) Faith and Reason
H) Deconstruction
• _____Marxism-Leninism
• E) Dialectical Materialism
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A) Naturalism
B) Non-naturalism
C) Supernaturalism
D) Anti-realism
E) Dialectical Materialism
F) Common Sense Realism
G) Faith and Reason
H) Deconstruction
• _____Cosmic Humanism
• B) Non-naturalism
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A) Naturalism
B) Non-naturalism
C) Supernaturalism
D) Anti-realism
E) Dialectical Materialism
F) Common Sense Realism
G) Faith and Reason
H) Deconstruction
• _____Postmodernism
• D) Anti-realism and H) Deconstruction
• ________________is the study of the
structure, origin, and design of the universe
• Cosmology
is the study of the structure,
origin, and design of the universe
• ______________is the belief that there is a
“real world” independent of human subjects
• Realism
is the belief that there is a “real
world” independent of human subjects
• _________________is the study of knowledge
• Epistemology
is the study of knowledge
• _________________is the study of ultimate
reality
• Metaphysics
reality
is the study of ultimate
• _______________________is the study of the
relationship of the mind (e.g. mental events,
mental functions, mental properties, and
consciousness) to the physical body
• Mind/Body Problem
is the study of the
relationship of the mind (e.g. mental events,
mental functions, mental properties, and
consciousness) to the physical body
• _______________is the study of existence
and being
• Ontology
being
is the study of existence and
• ____________________A means of textual
criticism that considers a text open to
interpretation and laden with hidden bias,
assumptions, and prejudices
• Deconstruction
A means of textual
criticism that considers a text open to
interpretation and laden with hidden bias,
assumptions, and prejudices
• How does the naturalist’s “monistic” view of
the mind and body differ from the Christian’s
“dualistic” view?
• For the naturalist, mind is merely the product
of _______ and evolution. For the Christian,
the mind existed ______ matter and brought
matter into existence. Christianity views the
mind dualistically— as both _______(the
brain) and ________(the soul).
• For the naturalist, mind is merely the product
of matter and evolution. For the Christian, the
mind existed before matter and brought
matter into existence. Christianity views the
mind dualistically— as both physical (the
brain) and spiritual (the soul).
• First, a monistic view of the mind implies that
mankind is not immortal and that there is
nothing supernatural in our makeup that
survives death (no life after death).
• Second, this viewpoint implies that we should
not put confidence in the reasoning powers of
a brain produced by evolution, since a “better
_________ of mind could occur any day.”
• First, a monistic view of the mind implies that
mankind is not immortal and that there is
nothing supernatural in our makeup that
survives death (no life after death).
• Second, this viewpoint implies that we should
not put confidence in the reasoning powers of
a brain produced by evolution, since a “better
mutation of mind could occur any day.”
• What is the Marxist dialectic and how does it
work?
• The Marxist dialectic is the view that life is a
constantly evolving process resulting from the
clash of opposing forces:
• Every established idea (______) is eventually
opposed by another idea (________).
• Eventually, an entirely new entity will emerge
from this opposition (________), which renders
both thesis and antithesis obsolete.
• This synthesis eventually becomes a thesis that
is opposed by an antithesis . . . and so forth
without end.
• The result of this philosophical view is that reality
is constantly __________—nothing is ever
• The Marxist dialectic is the view that life is a constantly
evolving process resulting from the clash of opposing forces:
• Every established idea (thesis) is eventually opposed by
another idea (antithesis).
• Eventually, an entirely new entity will emerge from this
opposition (synthesis), which renders both thesis and
antithesis obsolete.
• This synthesis eventually becomes a thesis that is opposed
by an antithesis . . . and so forth without end.
• The result of this philosophical view is that reality is constantly
changing —nothing is ever certain.
• How can we historically divide the premodern, modern, and postmodern periods?
How did each period view truth?
• Roughly speaking, the Western world can be
divided into three different time frames:
• ______________ (< to ____) had a strong
belief in the supernatural—God, the divine,
gods, miracles, etc.
– Authority and knowledge rested with those in
power, like the clergy and the monarchy.
– Truth, while found in both our faculties and
experience, was predominantly discovered
through __________.
• Roughly speaking, the Western world can be
divided into three different time frames:
• Pre-Modernism (< to ____) had a strong belief
in the supernatural—God, the divine, gods,
miracles, etc.
– Authority and knowledge rested with those in
power, like the clergy and the monarchy.
– Truth, while found in both our faculties and
experience, was predominantly discovered
through __________.
• Roughly speaking, the Western world can be
divided into three different time frames:
• Pre-Modernism (< to 1600) had a strong belief
in the supernatural—God, the divine, gods,
miracles, etc.
– Authority and knowledge rested with those in
power, like the clergy and the monarchy.
– Truth, while found in both our faculties and
experience, was predominantly discovered
through __________.
• Roughly speaking, the Western world can be
divided into three different time frames:
• Pre-Modernism (< to 1600) had a strong belief
in the supernatural—God, the divine, gods,
miracles, etc.
– Authority and knowledge rested with those in
power, like the clergy and the monarchy.
– Truth, while found in both our faculties and
experience, was predominantly discovered
through Revelation.
• _________ (_____to _____) was much more
skeptical of the supernatural.
– Authority and knowledge rested with the
educated—scholars, scientists, etc.
– Human knowledge was believed to be the source
of progress and the means to a better
understanding of reality.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and
experience, was predominantly uncovered
through _______________(i.e. reason and the five
senses).
• Modernism (_____to _____) was much more
skeptical of the supernatural.
– Authority and knowledge rested with the
educated—scholars, scientists, etc.
– Human knowledge was believed to be the source
of progress and the means to a better
understanding of reality.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and
experience, was predominantly uncovered
through _______________(i.e. reason and the five
senses).
• Modernism (1600 to 1960) was much more
skeptical of the supernatural.
– Authority and knowledge rested with the
educated—scholars, scientists, etc.
– Human knowledge was believed to be the source
of progress and the means to a better
understanding of reality.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and
experience, was predominantly uncovered
through _______________(i.e. reason and the five
senses).
• Modernism (1600 to 1900) was much more
skeptical of the supernatural.
– Authority and knowledge rested with the
educated—scholars, scientists, etc.
– Human knowledge was believed to be the source
of progress and the means to a better
understanding of reality.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and
experience, was predominantly uncovered
through human faculties (i.e. reason and the five
senses).
• _____________ (_____to _____) is skeptical
of absolute claims to knowledge, truth, and
reality, believing that in the past such claims
led to war and oppression (e.g. Marxism,
Islam, Christianity, Crusades, World Wars 1
and 2, Vietnam, and the Cold War).
– Postmodern thinkers do not believe true progress
can be realized.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and human
faculties, is predominantly attained through
_____ _________ and _________.
• Postmodernism (_____to _____) is skeptical
of absolute claims to knowledge, truth, and
reality, believing that in the past such claims
led to war and oppression (e.g. Marxism,
Islam, Christianity, Crusades, World Wars 1
and 2, Vietnam, and the Cold War).
– Postmodern thinkers do not believe true progress
can be realized.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and human
faculties, is predominantly attained through
_____ _________ and _________.
• Postmodernism (1900 to ?) is skeptical of
absolute claims to knowledge, truth, and
reality, believing that in the past such claims
led to war and oppression (e.g. Marxism,
Islam, Christianity, Crusades, World Wars 1
and 2, Vietnam, and the Cold War).
– Postmodern thinkers do not believe true progress
can be realized.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and human
faculties, is predominantly attained through
_____ _________ and _________.
• Postmodernism (1900 to ?) is skeptical of
absolute claims to knowledge, truth, and
reality, believing that in the past such claims
led to war and oppression (e.g. Marxism,
Islam, Christianity, Crusades, World Wars 1
and 2, Vietnam, and the Cold War).
– Postmodern thinkers do not believe true progress
can be realized.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and human
faculties, is predominantly attained through
human experience and _________.
• Postmodernism (1900 to ?) is skeptical of
absolute claims to knowledge, truth, and
reality, believing that in the past such claims
led to war and oppression (e.g. Marxism,
Islam, Christianity, Crusades, World Wars 1
and 2, Vietnam, and the Cold War).
– Postmodern thinkers do not believe true progress
can be realized.
– Truth, while found in both revelation and human
faculties, is predominantly attained through
human experience and community.
• Christianity is not the only worldview that must deal
with existence of evil and suffering. Every worldview
must explain its existence.
• Naturalism, which purports that only the physical
world exists, sees no meaning behind evil. For the
naturalist, evil is just bad luck.
• Another worldview that must deal with problem of evil
is transcendentalism. This worldview purports that the
physical world and everything in it is just an illusion.
Thus, evil and suffering become mere illusions; some
may also see it as the result of karma.
• Lastly, theistic worldviews purport that both the
natural and supernatural exist. The theist must argue
that God has allowed evil for some purpose.
• Christianity is not the only worldview that must deal
with existence of evil and suffering. Every worldview
must explain its existence.
• Naturalism, which purports that only the physical
world exists, sees ____________behind evil. For the
naturalist, evil is just __________.
• Another worldview that must deal with problem of evil
is transcendentalism. This worldview purports that the
physical world and everything in it is just
_____________. Thus, evil and suffering become mere
illusions; some may also see it as the result of _______.
• Lastly, theistic worldviews purport that both the
natural and supernatural exist. The theist must argue
that God has allowed evil for some _________.
• Christianity is not the only worldview that must deal
with existence of evil and suffering. Every worldview
must explain its existence.
• Naturalism, which purports that only the physical
world exists, sees no meaning behind evil. For the
naturalist, evil is just __________.
• Another worldview that must deal with problem of evil
is transcendentalism. This worldview purports that the
physical world and everything in it is just
_____________. Thus, evil and suffering become mere
illusions; some may also see it as the result of _______.
• Lastly, theistic worldviews purport that both the
natural and supernatural exist. The theist must argue
that God has allowed evil for some _________.
• Christianity is not the only worldview that must deal
with existence of evil and suffering. Every worldview
must explain its existence.
• Naturalism, which purports that only the physical
world exists, sees no meaning behind evil. For the
naturalist, evil is just bad luck.
• Another worldview that must deal with problem of evil
is transcendentalism. This worldview purports that the
physical world and everything in it is just
_____________. Thus, evil and suffering become mere
illusions; some may also see it as the result of _______.
• Lastly, theistic worldviews purport that both the
natural and supernatural exist. The theist must argue
that God has allowed evil for some _________.
• Christianity is not the only worldview that must deal
with existence of evil and suffering. Every worldview
must explain its existence.
• Naturalism, which purports that only the physical
world exists, sees no meaning behind evil. For the
naturalist, evil is just bad luck.
• Another worldview that must deal with problem of evil
is transcendentalism. This worldview purports that the
physical world and everything in it is just an illusion.
Thus, evil and suffering become mere illusions; some
may also see it as the result of _______.
• Lastly, theistic worldviews purport that both the
natural and supernatural exist. The theist must argue
that God has allowed evil for some _________.
• Christianity is not the only worldview that must deal
with existence of evil and suffering. Every worldview
must explain its existence.
• Naturalism, which purports that only the physical
world exists, sees no meaning behind evil. For the
naturalist, evil is just bad luck.
• Another worldview that must deal with problem of evil
is transcendentalism. This worldview purports that the
physical world and everything in it is just an illusion.
Thus, evil and suffering become mere illusions; some
may also see it as the result of karma.
• Lastly, theistic worldviews purport that both the
natural and supernatural exist. The theist must argue
that God has allowed evil for some _________.
• Christianity is not the only worldview that must deal
with existence of evil and suffering. Every worldview
must explain its existence.
• Naturalism, which purports that only the physical
world exists, sees no meaning behind evil. For the
naturalist, evil is just bad luck.
• Another worldview that must deal with problem of evil
is transcendentalism. This worldview purports that the
physical world and everything in it is just an illusion.
Thus, evil and suffering become mere illusions; some
may also see it as the result of karma.
• Lastly, theistic worldviews purport that both the
natural and supernatural exist. The theist must argue
that God has allowed evil for some purpose.
• What is the Biblical resolution to the problem
of evil and suffering?
• The problem of evil and suffering is a very
complicated issue. It cannot be answered in a
truncated fashion. When considering the
dilemma of how a good God and evil can
coexist, it is helpful to consider the issue of
time in three forms: past, future, and present.
• Past—According to the Christian worldview, when God
formed the universe he considered his creation good.
However, Adam and Eve freely choose to disobey God. This
disobedience resulted in a fallen world and a fallen race.
– That is, neither ________nor _______exists today as God
originally intended it to. Thus, we have ______evil (man-caused)
and _______evil (non-man-caused). This is the Christian
explanation for the existence of the evil and suffering.
– However, it does not explain how evil can exist with a good God.
– If God could do anything and were truly good, then wouldn’t he
thwart all evil and suffering? Christians fully believe he could do
so, but in regards to moral evil, human beings would no longer
be __________. That is, God would be directing us.
– Just as it is difficult to image a good God existing with evil, it is
equally difficult to image a good God that allows human choice.
• Past—According to the Christian worldview, when God
formed the universe he considered his creation good.
However, Adam and Eve freely choose to disobey God. This
disobedience resulted in a fallen world and a fallen race.
– That is, neither mankind nor _______exists today as God
originally intended it to. Thus, we have ______evil (man-caused)
and _______evil (non-man-caused). This is the Christian
explanation for the existence of the evil and suffering.
– However, it does not explain how evil can exist with a good God.
– If God could do anything and were truly good, then wouldn’t he
thwart all evil and suffering? Christians fully believe he could do
so, but in regards to moral evil, human beings would no longer
be __________. That is, God would be directing us.
– Just as it is difficult to image a good God existing with evil, it is
equally difficult to image a good God that allows human choice.
• Past—According to the Christian worldview, when God
formed the universe he considered his creation good.
However, Adam and Eve freely choose to disobey God. This
disobedience resulted in a fallen world and a fallen race.
– That is, neither mankind nor nature exists today as God
originally intended it to. Thus, we have ______evil (man-caused)
and _______evil (non-man-caused). This is the Christian
explanation for the existence of the evil and suffering.
– However, it does not explain how evil can exist with a good God.
– If God could do anything and were truly good, then wouldn’t he
thwart all evil and suffering? Christians fully believe he could do
so, but in regards to moral evil, human beings would no longer
be __________. That is, God would be directing us.
– Just as it is difficult to image a good God existing with evil, it is
equally difficult to image a good God that allows human choice.
• Past—According to the Christian worldview, when God
formed the universe he considered his creation good.
However, Adam and Eve freely choose to disobey God. This
disobedience resulted in a fallen world and a fallen race.
– That is, neither mankind nor nature exists today as God
originally intended it to. Thus, we have moral evil (man-caused)
and _______evil (non-man-caused). This is the Christian
explanation for the existence of the evil and suffering.
– However, it does not explain how evil can exist with a good God.
– If God could do anything and were truly good, then wouldn’t he
thwart all evil and suffering? Christians fully believe he could do
so, but in regards to moral evil, human beings would no longer
be __________. That is, God would be directing us.
– Just as it is difficult to image a good God existing with evil, it is
equally difficult to image a good God that allows human choice.
• Past—According to the Christian worldview, when God
formed the universe he considered his creation good.
However, Adam and Eve freely choose to disobey God. This
disobedience resulted in a fallen world and a fallen race.
– That is, neither mankind nor nature exists today as God
originally intended it to. Thus, we have moral evil (man-caused)
and natural evil (non-man-caused). This is the Christian
explanation for the existence of the evil and suffering.
– However, it does not explain how evil can exist with a good God.
– If God could do anything and were truly good, then wouldn’t he
thwart all evil and suffering? Christians fully believe he could do
so, but in regards to moral evil, human beings would no longer
be __________. That is, God would be directing us.
– Just as it is difficult to image a good God existing with evil, it is
equally difficult to image a good God that allows human choice.
• Past—According to the Christian worldview, when God
formed the universe he considered his creation good.
However, Adam and Eve freely choose to disobey God. This
disobedience resulted in a fallen world and a fallen race.
– That is, neither mankind nor nature exists today as God
originally intended it to. Thus, we have moral evil (man-caused)
and natural evil (non-man-caused). This is the Christian
explanation for the existence of the evil and suffering.
– However, it does not explain how evil can exist with a good God.
– If God could do anything and were truly good, then wouldn’t he
thwart all evil and suffering? Christians fully believe he could do
so, but in regards to moral evil, human beings would no longer
be free agents. That is, God would be directing us.
– Just as it is difficult to image a good God existing with evil, it is
equally difficult to image a good God that allows human choice.
• Future—The Bible informs us that although
creation has fallen, it will someday be
restored and evil be destroyed; fallen
humanity will one day be redeemed.
– In fact, we are told that the _____will be even
______ than the __________. And a world
redeemed is better than a world that had never
fallen.
• Future—The Bible informs us that although
creation has fallen, it will someday be
restored and evil be destroyed; fallen
humanity will one day be redeemed.
– In fact, we are told that the end will be even
______ than the __________. And a world
redeemed is better than a world that had never
fallen.
• Future—The Bible informs us that although
creation has fallen, it will someday be
restored and evil be destroyed; fallen
humanity will one day be redeemed.
– In fact, we are told that the end will be even
better than the __________. And a world
redeemed is better than a world that had never
fallen.
• Future—The Bible informs us that although
creation has fallen, it will someday be
restored and evil be destroyed; fallen
humanity will one day be redeemed.
– In fact, we are told that the end will be even
better than the beginning. And a world redeemed
is better than a world that had never fallen.
• Present—Also unique to the Christian
worldview is its view of the present.
According to Scripture we have a God that
does not merely allow suffering; he also
_______________ and even _______.
• Present—Also unique to the Christian
worldview is its view of the present.
According to Scripture we have a God that
does not merely allow suffering; he also
suffered with us and even _______.
• Present—Also unique to the Christian
worldview is its view of the present.
According to Scripture we have a God that
does not merely allow suffering; he also
suffered with us and even for us.
Islamic Psychology
• Muslims believe that God breathed his Spirit into
mankind,
– But the only divine qualities entrusted to humans as a
result of God’s breath were those of
• _________,
• ____
• and _______.
Islamic Psychology
• Muslims believe that God breathed his Spirit into
mankind,
– But the only divine qualities entrusted to humans as a
result of God’s breath were those of
• Knowledge,
• ____
• and _______.
Islamic Psychology
• Muslims believe that God breathed his Spirit into
mankind,
– But the only divine qualities entrusted to humans as a
result of God’s breath were those of
• Knowledge,
• will
• and _______.
Islamic Psychology
• Muslims believe that God breathed his Spirit into
mankind,
– But the only divine qualities entrusted to humans as a
result of God’s breath were those of
• knowledge,
• will
• and action.
• T/F Muslims believe that each person is born
in a natural state of purity, with a true faith of
Islam, but (in the case of all other religions) is
falsely converted by his or her parents.
• True
• T/F According to Islam, the Fall was only a slip
on Adam and Eve’s part that was completely
forgiven after their repentance. It had no
further effect on the nature of man or the
world. (In other words, there is no original
sin.)
•
• True
Post-modern Psychology
•
• The traditional idea of an immaterial soul has
been replaced with the idea of socially
constructed “______.”
Post-modern Psychology
•
• The traditional idea of an immaterial soul has
been replaced with the idea of socially
constructed “selves.”
• T/F Instead of viewing human beings as a
“unified self,” Postmodern psychologists look
at the individual as a multiplicity of “selves”.
• True
Biblical Christianity
• The Biblical view of ontology is dualistic:
– Human nature consists of two fundamental types of reality
• ________
• _________
Biblical Christianity
• The Biblical view of ontology is dualistic:
– Human nature consists of two fundamental types of reality
• Physical
• _________
Biblical Christianity
• The Biblical view of ontology is dualistic:
– Human nature consists of two fundamental types of reality
• Physical
• Spiritual
• Christian psychologists insist that the best method
for mental healing involves
– 1) the _______and _________of sin through Christ—1
John 1:9
– 2) __________with God—2 Corinthians 5:17-21
– 3) __________through the disciplining work of God’s
Spirit—1 Thessalonians 5:23 and Hebrews 12:1-11
• Christian psychologists insist that the best method
for mental healing involves
– 1) the confession and _________of sin through Christ—1
John 1:9
– 2) __________with God—2 Corinthians 5:17-21
– 3) __________through the disciplining work of God’s
Spirit—1 Thessalonians 5:23 and Hebrews 12:1-11
• Christian psychologists insist that the best method
for mental healing involves
– 1) the confession and forgiveness of sin through Christ—1
John 1:9
– 2) __________with God—2 Corinthians 5:17-21
– 3) __________through the disciplining work of God’s
Spirit—1 Thessalonians 5:23 and Hebrews 12:1-11
• Christian psychologists insist that the best method
for mental healing involves
– 1) the confession and forgiveness of sin through Christ—1
John 1:9
– 2) reconciliation with God—2 Corinthians 5:17-21
– 3) __________through the disciplining work of God’s
Spirit—1 Thessalonians 5:23 and Hebrews 12:1-11
• Christian psychologists insist that the best method
for mental healing involves
– 1) the confession and forgiveness of sin through Christ—1
John 1:9
– 2) reconciliation with God—2 Corinthians 5:17-21
– 3) sanctification through the disciplining work of God’s
Spirit—1 Thessalonians 5:23 and Hebrews 12:1-11
• T/F Secular Humanists contend that suffering
is to be avoided at all costs, but Christians
believe that suffering can be both purposeful
and instructive
• True
Christian Ethics—
• Christian ethics is grounded in the
__________________________.
Christian Ethics—
• Christian ethics is grounded in the Character
of God
• What are Christians called to do? Love _____
with all our hearts, souls, strengths, and minds
and to love our __________ as ourselves.
(Luke 10:27)
• What are Christians called to do? Love God
with all our hearts, souls, strengths, and minds
and to love our __________ as ourselves.
(Luke 10:27)
• What are Christians called to do? Love God
with all our hearts, souls, strengths, and minds
and to love our neighbors as ourselves. (Luke
10:27)
Cosmic Humanist Ethics—
• T/F To the Cosmic Humanist there are such
things as external moral precepts.
• False.
• T/F According to Cosmic Humanists it’s ok to
decide whether another’s actions are right or
wrong.
• False
• Tolerance traditionally meant a respectful
attitude towards people you disagree with.
• Cosmic Humanists have twisted it to mean
___________ of differing moral views.
• Tolerance traditionally meant a respectful
attitude towards people you disagree with.
• Cosmic Humanists have twisted it to mean
acceptance of differing moral views.
Islamic Ethics
• How do Christianity and Islam differ in relation
to their beliefs about ethical absolutes?
• Christians know morals because of God’s
character.
• Muslim’s know morals by God’s ______ alone.
• Why? The Qur’an teaches God
_______________________. (That’s why
ethics cannot be related to his character, but
only to his commands.)
• Muslim’s know morals by God’s decree alone.
• Why? The Qur’an teaches God
_______________________. (That’s why
ethics cannot be related to his character, but
only to his commands.)
• Muslim’s know morals by God’s decree alone.
• Why? The Qur’an teaches God cannot be
known. (That’s why ethics cannot be related
to his character, but only to his commands.)
Secular Humanist Ethics
• T/F There is disagreement over the foundation
of morality in a world without God and this is
the reason there are such diverse views and
conflicts regarding humanistic ethics.
• True.
• T/F Arthur E. Gravatt, a leading secular
humanist ethicist, viewed morality and
immorality as staying the same no matter
what the situation.
• False
Marxist Ethics
• T/F Marxists believe morality is constantly
evolving.
• .
• True
• What is the Marxist-Leninist morality of the
future? A ______________.
• What is the Marxist-Leninist morality of the
future? A Classless Utopia
• Scientific Communism defines ethics as
follows: “Devotion to the cause of
________________.”
• Scientific Communism defines ethics as
follows: “Devotion to the cause of the working
class.”
Post-Modern Ethics
• For Postmodernists, moral standards are
decided by both ________ and __________ .
Post-Modern Ethics
• For Postmodernists, moral standards are
decided by both coercion and __________ .
Post-Modern Ethics
• For Postmodernists, moral standards are
decided by both coercion and consensus.
• T/F According to the post-modernist, since
there is no absolute standard, every culture
develops its own set of moral standards and
These standards are not stagnant; they
change, adapt, and are constantly evolving
according to the dictates of the group.
• True
Bio-Ethics
• Stem cells are cells that can 1) self-replicate
indefinitely, and 2) can develop into
_________________ (e.g. red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets, etc).
Bio-Ethics
• Stem cells are cells that can 1) self-replicate
indefinitely, and 2) can develop into other
types of cells (e.g. red blood cells, white blood
cells, platelets, etc).
• Medical researchers believe stem cells have
the potential to cure diseases by __________
tissues or growing organs
• Medical researchers believe stem cells have
the potential to cure diseases by repairing
tissues or growing organs
• Stem cells are often divided into two types:
embryonic and non-embryonic (or adult) stem
cells. Embryonic stem cells are the most
controversial since the harvesting of these
cells necessitates the __________________.
• Stem cells are often divided into two types:
embryonic and non-embryonic (or adult) stem
cells. Embryonic stem cells are the most
controversial since the harvesting of these
cells necessitates the killing of an embryo.
●
Christianity
●
Traditional Family, Church, State
●
Polygamy, Mosque, Islamic State
●
Non-traditional Family, Church, State
●
Sexual Egalitarianism
●
Classless Society
Traditional family, church, and state
Islam
●
Traditional Family, Church, State
●
Polygamy, Mosque, Islamic State
●
Non-traditional Family, Church, State
●
Sexual Egalitarianism
●
Classless Society
Polygamy, Mosque, Islamic State
Secular Humanism
●
Traditional Family, Church, State
●
Polygamy, Mosque, Islamic State
●
Non-traditional Family, Church, State
●
Sexual Egalitarianism
●
Classless Society
Non-traditional family, church and state
Marxism-Leninism
●
Traditional Family, Church, State
●
Polygamy, Mosque, Islamic State
●
Non-traditional Family, Church, State
●
Sexual Egalitarianism
●
Classless Society
Classless society
Cosmic Humanism
●
Traditional Family, Church, State
●
Polygamy, Mosque, Islamic State
●
Non-traditional Family, Church, State
●
Sexual Egalitarianism
●
Classless Society
Non-traditional family, church and state
Postmodernism
●
Traditional Family, Church, State
●
Polygamy, Mosque, Islamic State
●
Non-traditional Family, Church, State
●
Sexual Egalitarianism
●
Classless Society
Sexual egalitarianism
• T/F Muslims do not see Islam as a social
institution to be distinguished from the state.
It is a comprehensive reality encompassing
the state just as much as it does the mosque.
• True
• What two forms of government do Muslims
promote?
• Muslims are divided into 2 views.
• _____________ (distinct nations, with laws
and constitutions distinct from other nations)
• ___________ (the vision that the Muslim
community should be united, with diminished
or non-existent national boundaries.)
• What two forms of government do Muslims
promote?
• Muslims are divided into 2 views.
• Nation-States (distinct nations, with laws and
constitutions distinct from other nations)
• ___________ (the vision that the Muslim
community should be united, with diminished
or non-existent national boundaries.)
• What two forms of government do Muslims
promote?
• Muslims are divided into 2 views.
• Nation-states (distinct nations, with laws and
constitutions distinct from other nations)
• Pan-Islam (the vision that the Muslim
community should be united, with diminished
or non-existent national boundaries.)
• How does Marxism’s reliance on evolution as
the basis for its social theory influence its
perception of the mechanisms of society?
•
• Just as Marxists believe that we are evolving
_____________, we are also evolving
________________. The scientific fact of
biological evolution guarantees both the truth
of Marxist social
____________________________.
• How does Marxism’s reliance on evolution as
the basis for its social theory influence its
perception of the mechanisms of society?
•
• Just as Marxists believe that we are evolving
biologically we are also evolving
________________. The scientific fact of
biological evolution guarantees both the truth
of Marxist social
____________________________.
• How does Marxism’s reliance on evolution as
the basis for its social theory influence its
perception of the mechanisms of society?
•
• Just as Marxists believe that we are evolving
biologically we are also evolving sociologically
The scientific fact of biological evolution
guarantees both the truth of Marxist social
____________________________.
• How does Marxism’s reliance on evolution as
the basis for its social theory influence its
perception of the mechanisms of society?
•
• Just as Marxists believe that we are evolving
biologically, we are also evolving sociologically.
The scientific fact of biological evolution
guarantees both the truth of Marxist social
theory and the outcome of the process: a
communist world.
• How do Cosmic Humanists view marriage?
• They view it as ________ and
______________. In fact, they say in most
such cases of divorce the marriage has
actually been a _____ _______—it’s helped
each person to ______ to the point where
they no longer need the old form of marriage.
• How do Cosmic Humanists view marriage?
• They view it as outdated and
______________. In fact, they say in most
such cases of divorce the marriage has
actually been a _____ _______—it’s helped
each person to ______ to the point where
they no longer need the old form of marriage.
• How do Cosmic Humanists view marriage?
• They view it as outdated and unenlightened In
fact, they say in most such cases of divorce the
marriage has actually been a _____
_______—it’s helped each person to ______
to the point where they no longer need the
old form of marriage.
• How do Cosmic Humanists view marriage?
• They view it as outdated and unenlightened In
fact, they say in most such cases of divorce the
marriage has actually been a total _______—
it’s helped each person to ______ to the point
where they no longer need the old form of
marriage.
• How do Cosmic Humanists view marriage?
• They view it as outdated and unenlightened In
fact, they say in most such cases of divorce the
marriage has actually been a total
• success it’s helped each person to ______ to
the point where they no longer need the old
form of marriage.
• How do Cosmic Humanists view marriage?
• They view it as outdated and unenlightened.
In fact, they say in most such cases of divorce
the marriage has actually been a total
success—it’s helped each person to grow to
the point where they no longer need the old
form of marriage.
• How do Post-Modernists view relationships?
• One of their leading thinkers claims “The only
sane foregone conclusion about any
relationship is that it is an ____________ . . .”
• How do Post-Modernists view relationships?
• One of their leading thinkers claims “The only
sane foregone conclusion about any
relationship is that it is an experiment . . .”
• In the beginning, God created the Cosmos and
every living thing, including Adam.
• Out of God’s entire creation, only _____
uniquely bore God’s image.
• And only Adam was given responsibilities over
the rest of creation.
• God commanded Adam to
____________________, and
____________________________.
• In the beginning, God created the Cosmos and
every living thing, including Adam.
• Out of God’s entire creation, only Adam
uniquely bore God’s image.
• And only Adam was given responsibilities over
the rest of creation.
• God commanded Adam to
____________________, and
____________________________.
• In the beginning, God created the Cosmos and
every living thing, including Adam.
• Out of God’s entire creation, only Adam
uniquely bore God’s image.
• And only Adam was given responsibilities over
the rest of creation.
• God commanded Adam to name all the
animals, and
____________________________.
• In the beginning, God created the Cosmos and
every living thing, including Adam.
• Out of God’s entire creation, only Adam
uniquely bore God’s image.
• And only Adam was given responsibilities over
the rest of creation.
• God commanded Adam to name all the
animals, and take responsibility for them.
• Some believe that although God’s creation was
deemed good, Adam was told
________________ over all the earth.
• To help Adam, God _________________.
• After the fall, God cursed Adam, Eve, and the
serpent (Satan), but in the curse of the serpent
came the promise of redemption. God said the
_______ of the woman would eventually ______
the serpent.
• Some believe that’s why Satan hates man and
wants to destroy the family.
• Some believe that although God’s creation was
deemed good, Adam was told extend the garden
over all the earth.
• To help Adam, God _________________.
• After the fall, God cursed Adam, Eve, and the
serpent (Satan), but in the curse of the serpent
came the promise of redemption. God said the
_______ of the woman would eventually ______
the serpent.
• Some believe that’s why Satan hates man and
wants to destroy the family.
• Some believe that although God’s creation was
deemed good, Adam was told extend the garden
over all the earth.
• To help Adam, God created woman
• After the fall, God cursed Adam, Eve, and the
serpent (Satan), but in the curse of the serpent
came the promise of redemption. God said the
_______ of the woman would eventually ______
the serpent.
• Some believe that’s why Satan hates man and
wants to destroy the family.
• Some believe that although God’s creation was
deemed good, Adam was told extend the garden
over all the earth.
• To help Adam, God created woman
• After the fall, God cursed Adam, Eve, and the
serpent (Satan), but in the curse of the serpent
came the promise of redemption. God said the
seed of the woman would eventually ______ the
serpent.
• Some believe that’s why Satan hates man and
wants to destroy the family.
• Some believe that although God’s creation was
deemed good, Adam was told to extend the
Garden over all the earth.
• To help Adam, God created Woman.
• After the fall, God cursed Adam, Eve, and the
serpent (Satan), but in the curse of the serpent
came the promise of redemption. God said the
seed of the woman would eventually crush the
serpent.
• Some believe that’s why Satan hates man and
wants to destroy the family.