Transcript Chapter One
Chapter One Personal Ethics Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1-1 “Things that matter most should never be at the mercy of things that matter least.” - Goethe Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 2 Definitions Code of Ethics • Commonly held guidelines for behaviour • Usually formalized in written code • Sets boundaries Ethics • Process of determining moral conduct • Converts values, morals, duty and beliefs into actions (Continued) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 3 Definitions Morals • Ideal principles of behaviour • Concerned with what is good/bad or right/wrong Duty • Behaviour others have a right to expect of us • Self-imposed or imposed on us by others Values • An uncompromising statement of what is important • Defines the person or organization (Continued) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 4 Definitions Beliefs • Opinions or convictions about the meaning of life • Confidence in abstract Truth or in God Assumptions • Unconscious, self-evident truths • The underlying basis of our values, morals and duty • Can be outdated or irrelevant to current situations Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 5 External Forces Shape Our Ethics Family • What morals and values did you learn from your family? • How were they communicated to you? Religion • What religious beliefs were you taught as a child? • How have your beliefs changed in adulthood? (Continued) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 6 External Forces Shape Our Ethics Education • What values and morals did you learn in school? • How have these affected you? Friends and Colleagues • How have friends or work colleagues influenced you? • Were (are) their influences in conflict with your family’s values and morals? (Continued) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 7 External Forces Shape Our Ethics Social Culture • What cultural values do you think exist in your community? – In your province? – In Canada? • Which of these values do you agree with? • Which do you disagree with? Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 8 Locus of Control Individual’s perception of how much control she/he exerts over the events of life or in a particular situation. External <-------------------> Internal (Continued) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 9 Locus of Control What are some situations in your past that you felt were outside of your control? Why did you think they were outside of your control? What would have given you more control over the situation? (Continued) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 10 Locus of Control What are some situations or events in your past or in the present that you felt you were able to exert some control over? Why were you able to have some control over them? How did your responses to the situations where you didn’t feel you had any control over events differ from those where you felt you had some control over the situation? Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 11 Cognitive Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg Level I (Pre-conventional) Stage 1 - Obedience and Punishment Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange Level II (Conventional) Stage 3 - Conformity and Social Approval Stage 4 - Upholding Duties and Laws Level III (Post-conventional or Principled) Stage 5 - Justice and Rights (Social Contract) Stage 6 - Principled Conscience (Theoretical only) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 12 Feminine Moral Development Carol Gilligan Moral growth in women is a growth in understanding how their moral choices will affect the important relationships in their lives. Develops into an ethic of caring. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 13 Male Versus Female Development Cognitive Moral Development Moves toward greater autonomy—the ability to make ethical decisions independent from the influence of other people. Feminine Moral Development Moves toward deeper connectedness and nurtures the relationships between people—the ability to make ethical decisions that recognize our responsibilities to one another. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 14 Factors that Determine the Outcome of an Ethical Choice 1. Level of Moral Growth/Development Ability to make independent decisions Ability to consider relationships and responsibilities to others 2 . Individual Characteristics Personal morals, values, beliefs and assumptions Cultural influences (Continued) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 15 Factors That Determine the Outcome of an Ethical Choice 3. Locus of Control Is it Internal or External? 4. Issue Intensity Is the situation critical? What is at stake? For whom? How quickly must a choice be made? 5. Structured Variables What are the particular details of the situation? Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Canada / J A McLachlan 1- 16