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HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Culture and Beliefs (Pack 3) The Amish and the UK compared. A Moral Issue - Euthanasia HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Amish Culture Beliefs Language Monocultural Christians fundamentalist Pennsylvania Dutch German English HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Values & Attitudes Customs & Traditions Location Pacifism The elders Separation Barn raising Bundling Quilt making USA & Canada Pennsylvania Environment Plains of mid West USA Clothing Plain, not “hochmud” Hats HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Transport & Communication Horse and cart Foot Bible Socialising influences Worship (excluding family) Traditions Elders Insider or Outsider group? Outsiders (in USA) Other characteristics Little technology Big gender differences Co-operation Traditional medicines HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Britain (MEDC) Culture Multicultural White Indian Irish etc. Beliefs Many different Christian roots Materialism Language English, but may other subcultural languages HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Values & Attitudes Location Success, wealth, power, status, but not everyone’s like this because we’re multicultural Christmas Morris dancing Football Islands off northern Europe Environment Temperate, managed and urban Clothing Individual, because we’re multicultural Customs & Traditions HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Transport & Communication Space Internet Cars Socialising influences (excluding family) Media School Peers (but varies) Insider or Outsider group? Insider (if white English) otherwise, if in a subculture ... Other characteristics Old colonial power MEDC Some inter -cultural conflict HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION MORAL ISSUES QUESTION “Individuals or groups have different beliefs and these can influence their views on moral issues ”. For a moral issue you have studied, discuss this idea. You will have about 20 minutes to write this essay, or one like it, in the examination. Prepare a bullet point guide to what you want to say, and learn it. Be able to give quotes from Bible, Koran, Humanists and James Whale video. Undecided: the British Medical Association (BMA) and the Hospice Movement 9treatment for the terminally ill) HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION What is morality? The study of right and wrong. What is a moral issue? A subject about which there is considerable debate about what is believed to be right and what is believed to be wrong, e.g. abortion, capital punishment and voluntary euthanasia. How does our morality come about? We are very influenced in forming our morality by the way in which we are socialised and the culture we live in. When we have a moral code, or a set of morals, these are called our ethics. HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION There are two approaches to morality: DEONTOLOGICAL = that morality is decided in advance. Usually this position is held by religious groups who believe that God has given us laws to follow. TELEOLOGICAL or CONSEQUENTIALIST = that morality should be based on the results of any action, e.g. humanists, hedonists, situation ethicists, utilitarians. HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION Our moral issue is VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA (gentle, easy death). There are 4 types of euthanasia: ACTIVE (suicide), PASSIVE (done to you, e.g. Tony Bland), COMPULSORY (murder) and VOLUNTARY (through choice for oneself). We are focussing on voluntary euthanasia. HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION ABOUT VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA It is illegal in England. But although it is illegal, it is practiced here and in Holland, Switzerland and some other countries. AGAINST FOR • Murder • Mercy • God decides • Suffering helps the soul • Ruins doctor / patient trust • Thin end of the wedge • Personal choice • Suffering is pointless • Builds doctor / patient trust • Humane, dignified • Pain can be controlled • Right to Hospice treatment • No, it can’t always end pain • Frees much needed beds HUMANITIES G.C.S.E. REVISION GROUPS AGAINST GROUPS FOR • Christians • Muslims • Jews • Buddhists • Hindus • Humanists • Hedonists • Situation Ethicists • Utilitarians • Marxists often religious often atheistic