Transcript Applying Pesticides

Applying Pesticides
Original Power Point Created by Casey Osksa
Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum
Office
June 2002
August 2008
Pesticide Management
August 2008
Identifying Common Pests
• Sites = infested areas
• Target = pest that pesticide is intended for
• Host = animal or plant that is to be
protected
• Pages 6-13
August 2008
Classifications of Pesticides
• Insects
Insecticide
• Mites
Miticide
• Mites, ticks and
spiders
Acaricide
August 2008
• Snails & Slugs
Molluscicide
• Fungi
Fungicide
• Nematodes
Nematicide
• Bacteria
Bactericide
Classifications of Pesticides
• Weeds
Herbicide
• Predatory Animal
Predacide
• Rodents
Rodenticide
• Birds
Avicide
August 2008
• Fish
Piscicide
• Plant Growth
Plant Growth
Regulators
• Leaves on Plants
Defoliant,
Dessicant
Pesticide Characteristics
• “Pesticide” = substance
intended to prevent,
destroy, repel, or
mitigate any pest
– also; plant regulator,
defoliant, or dessicant
August 2008
Pesticide Characteristics
• Chemical Basis of Pesticides
• Synthetic Organic Pesticides are man
made
– Malathion, 2,4-D
• Plant Derived Organic Pesticides are
made from parts of plants
• Inorganic Pesticides are made from
minerals
– Lead Arsenate
August 2008
Pesticide Characteristics
• Toxicity of Pesticides
• Refers to how poisonous a pesticide is to
warm blooded animals
• Danger = Highly Toxic
– Skull & Crossbones and “Poison”
• Warning = Moderately Toxic
• Caution = Slightly Toxic
August 2008
Pesticide Characteristics
• Use of Pesticide
• Specific uses
August 2008
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
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Stomach Poison = kills when swallowed
Contact Poison = sprayed directly on pest
Fumigants = gas inhaled or absorbed
Translocated Herbicides = kills plants by
being absorbed by roots
• Systemics = will kill pest when it eats the
host, but doesn’t harm host
August 2008
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
• Sterilants = pests are unable to reproduce
• Anticoagulants = prevents normal blood
clotting
• Pheromones = change the normal
behavior of pests
• Protectants = prevent pest entry
August 2008
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
• Plant Growth Regulators = control the rate
of growth of plants
• Defoliants and Dessicants = cause plants
to shed their leaves
August 2008
Pesticide Characteristics
• Persistence of Pesticides refers to how
long the Pesticide remains in the
environment
• Pesticide must break down to a harmless
residue before harvest
• May be a time delay for safe consumption
August 2008
Formulation of Pesticides
• Form in which chemical is available
• Liquid Formulations:
Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E) mix
with water
Solution (S) is ready to use
Flowable (F) Thick liquid, mix with water to
form a suspension
August 2008
Formulation of Pesticides:
Liquid
• Fumigant,
pressurized container
turns to gas
• Aerosol (A) applied
from a pressurized
can or special sprayer
August 2008
Formulation of Pesticides: Dry
• Dusts (D) must be used dry
• Granules (G) larger than dust, must be
used dry
• Wettable Powder (WP or W) looks like
dust, must be mixed with water, aggitate
• Soluble Powder (SP) dissolves in water
• Baits: pesticide mixed with attractant
August 2008
Selectivity of Pesticides
• A selective pesticide kills some pests and
not others
• Ex: kills only broadleaf plants or only
grasses
• Non-selectives kill many pests
• Ex: Roundup kills all plants
August 2008
Reading the Label
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The label is a “Legal Document”
Read and follow directions on the label
What you will find on the label:
Use Classification:
– “General Use” can be applied by anyone
– “Restricted Use” certified applicators or under
their direct supervision
August 2008
Reading the Label
• Brand Name: Roundup
• Common Name: made up name for the
active ingredient (not all have one)
• Chemical Name: words that you can’t
pronounce to identify chemicals in
product
• Formulation: Dry, Soluble, WP
• Ingredients: must be identified by
chemical and common name except
inert ingredients
August 2008
Reading the Label
• Signal Words: “Danger” “Warning”
“Caution”
• Child Hazard Statement: “Keep out of
reach of children”
• Statement of Practical Treatment: first aid
• Reentry Statement: if applicable, time to
wait before reentering field treated
August 2008
Reading the Label
• Precautionary
Statements: possible
hazards to humans,
environment etc
• Name & Address of
manufacturer
• EPA registration
number
• EPA establishment
number
• Net Contents
August 2008
Reading the Label
• Directions for Use:
– Misuse statement
– pests it will control (target)
– where it may be applied (sites)
– types of equipment to use
– restrictions for protection of environment
– frequency and timing of application
– storage and disposal of pesticide and
container
August 2008
Who can use pesticides?
• Anyone can buy & use pesticides
classified for General Use
• Restricted Use pesticides can only be
used by Certified Applicators and
employees
• Private Applicators: use on your own crops
• Commercial Applicators: for hire
August 2008
Liabilities Involved
• Follow all directions for use on the label
• Never leave pesticides where children or
animals me be exposed
• Never apply where rain or irrigation runoff
may cause pollution
• Minimize probability of drift
– low wind
– coolest part of day
– largest practical nozzle size
August 2008
Pesticides enter the body via:
• Dermal: through the skin
• Ingestion: swallowing
• Inhalation: breathing
August 2008
Liabilities Involved
• Check label for re-entry period
• Keep records of all injuries
– medical treatment
– loss of consciousness
– loss of work
– transfer to another job
– death
August 2008
Pesticide Records
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August 2008
What pesticide purchased
application dates
name of applicator
target (pest), site (crop)
severity of infestation
equipment used
amounts of pesticide used
Transporting Pesticides
• Pesticides must be in original packages
• Vehicle must have correct warning sign
• Must not be hauled in same vehicle as
food
• Notify DOT if someone is killed, seriously
injured, or serious damage
• Report spillage on a public road
August 2008
What Pesticide to Use
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Identify Pest
Become familiar with many methods of control
Estimate level of infestation
Compare methods of application
Remember all hazards
Select pesticide for best control & least
hazard
August 2008
Methods of Application
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Spraying: most popular method
Granular Application: on plowed soil, grass
Dusting: for dusts
Fogging: insect control
Dipping: livestock, lumber
August 2008
Protective Clothing
• Coveralls or long sleeved shirt and long
pants
• Raincoat or liquid proof apron
• Hard hat or other water proof hat
• Unlined neoprene boots
• Unlined neoprene gloves (above wrists)
• Goggles or face shield
• Respirator
August 2008
Types of Respirators
• Cartridge: chemical filter for low level
pesticide concentrations
• Chemical Canister: higher levels
• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus:
compressed air bottle
August 2008
First Aid
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Immediately, notify a doctor
Remove contaminated clothes
Wash skin with water and detergent
Flush eyes with running water for at least 15
minutes (low pressure)
• If swallowed, check label for treatment (only
induce vomiting if recommended)
• Inhaled, get fresh air, lie down
August 2008
Signs and Symptoms Mild
Poisoning:
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August 2008
Irritation of: skin, eyes, nose & throat
Headache
Weakness
Nausea
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Signs and Symptoms: Moderate
Poisoning
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Blurred vision, difficult breathing
Poor muscle coordination, rapid pulse
Flushed skin, constriction of pupils
Stomach cramps, vomiting
Muscle twitches
August 2008
Signs and Symptoms: Severe
Poisoning
• Convulsions, inability
to breath
• Loss of
consciousness
• Secretions from the
mouth and nose
• Possible fever
• May be fatal
August 2008
Storing Pesticides
• Store in original containers is a safe, dry,
locked and well ventilated place
August 2008
Disposing of Empty Containers
• After emptying containers, rinse 3 times
and pour rinse water in sprayer
• Dispose of container as directed
August 2008
Group I Containers
• Burn in special incinerators
• Burn in small numbers in the open
• Bury in special landfill or singly at least 18
inches deep in open field
• Exception: containers which held lead,
mercury, cadmium or arsenic
August 2008
Group II Containers
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Containers won’t burn
Crush and bury as in Group I
Deliver to scrap metal dealer
If reusable, rinse and return to supplier
August 2008
Group III Containers
• Held mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or
inorganic pesticides
• Rinse tree times
• Bury in sanitary landfill
August 2008
August 2008