Transcript Types of Plant Crops - Montgomery County Schools

Types of
Plant Crops
Unit 2
Food Groups
• Examine the items in front of you.
• Work with the other members of the class to
put the items into six groups of like foods.
Food Groups
• What makes the items in each group alike?
• What might these groups represent? – where
have we seen this before?
• What might we call each group?
Types of Plant Crops
• The important field and horticultural crops of
North America can be divided into seven
categories:
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Grain Crops
Sugar and Oil Crops
Fiber Crops
Vegetable, Fruit and Nut Crops
Forage Crops
Ornamental and Turf Crops
Other Crops
Grain Crops
• Grain Crops include plants
grown for their edible seeds
but do not include horticultural crops.
• Grain crops provide many important foods
including the cereal grains.
• Cereal grain is the seed of grass type plants
grown for food and animal feed.
• Exapmles: rice, corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye,
and sorghum.
Sugar Crops
• Produced as a sweetener
• Sugar crops are used as
a source of sucrose.
• Sucrose is commonly used as table sugar or as a
sweetener in foods and beverages.
• It is a carbohydrate that provides energy for the
human body.
• The major sugar crops are sugar cane and sugar
beets.
Oil Crops
• Grown for their vegetable oil.
• Oil crops are plants grown for the vegetable
oil contained in their seeds and fruit.
• The seeds of about 40 crops are used to make
oil.
• Soybeans, corn, and cotton are the most
common oil crops.
• Other oil seeds include sunflowers and
peanuts.
Fiber Crop
• Fiber crops are grown for the fiber produced
in their fruit, leaves, or stems.
• Fibers are tiny, threadlike structures used in
making cloth and paper.
• Cotton is the major crop grown for fiber.
• Flax is also grown for fiber. It is the subject of
considerable research because of its potential
in making paper.
Vegetables
• Olericulture - Vegetables are a commodity both fresh and
processed.
• California is the leader in both fresh and processed
vegetables in the U.S.
• Vegetables are grown on 1% of the total cropland in the
U.S.
– This amount has been relatively stable for the past 25 years.
However, the production of vegetables has increased.
• The increase in production on virtually the same amount of
land is the result of increased technology and more
efficient production practices.
Fruit and Nut
• Pomology
• In the 1993, 3.5 million acres
of the U.S. were involved in fruit
and nut production.
• Fruit production utilizes land unusable by other crops.
• Fruit growing is a popular but labor-intensive industry.
• Hundreds of thousands of people are employed in fruit
and nut production jobs.
• The U.S. is one of the world’s top producers of fruit
and nuts.
– Ten percent of the world’s apples, pears, plums, and
prunes, 20 percent of the world’s peaches, and 25 percent
of the world’s citrus fruit are produced in the U.S.
Forage Crop
• Forage is plant material (mainly plant leaves
and stems) eaten by grazing livestock.
• Historically, the term forage has meant only
plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture,
crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is
also used more loosely to include similar plants
cut for fodder and carried to the animals,
especially as hay or silage.
Ornamental and Turf Crops
• Plants used for their ascetics (beauty), such
as landscaping, interiorscaping, lawns, golf
courses, etc.
Exit Slip
• What did you eat for lunch today?
• What types of plant groups did each portion
of your meal fit into?