Transcript plants - cloudfront.net

Plants Characteristics






There are two main types of plants, nonvascular and vascular
Eukaryote Cell Type
Domain Eukarya and Plantae Kingdom
Multi-cellular and have Cell Wall
Autotrophs-Make their own food
Photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O+sunlight >C6H12O6 +6O2
Non vascular plants





Do not have vascular tissue to carry the nutrients and
water throughout the plant
They must live in water or moist surroundings
They are usually small and grow close to the ground
No Roots
Ex. Mosses, hornworts and liverworts are examples
of nonvascular plants
Nonvascular Plants

Includes mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts
(Hepatophyta), and hornworts (Antherophyta)
Liverworts
Hornworts
copyright cmassengale
3
Vascular plants




Vascular tissue is small tubes inside the plant
that transport food and water through the plant
two types of vascular tissue: phloem and
xylem
Xylem moves water
Phloem moves nutrients (aka Food) produced
by photosynthesis down from the leaves to the
rest of the plant
copyright cmassengale
5
Seed-Producing Vascular Plants



Includes two groups –
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms have naked seeds in
cones
Angiosperms have flowers that
produce seeds
copyright cmassengale
6
Gymnosperms


The oldest
living plant –
Bristle cone
pine
The tallest living
plant – Sequoia
or redwood
Cycad
Ginkgo
copyright cmassengale
7
Examples of vascular plants:
sequoia tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
Gymnosperms (Naked Seed)


Plants that do not have flowers are called
Gymnosperms
Conifers, ginkgos and cycads are examples of
Gymnosperms

Plants that have flowers are called
Angiosperms
Angiosperm
Angiosperms





Flowering plants
Seeds are formed when an egg or
ovule is fertilized by pollen in the
ovary
Ovary is within a flower
Flower contains the male (stamen)
and/or female (ovaries) parts of the
plant
Fruits are frequently produced from
these ripened ovaries (help disperse
seeds)
copyright cmassengale
11




Flowers have male and female parts
The male part is called the stamen
The stamen is made of the anther and the
filament
The anther produces pollen
Fertilization and Importance



Pollen is sometimes spread by birds, bats,
insects or wind
All living things on Earth are dependent on
plants for their existence.
We depend on them for food and for oxygen
Angiosperms
Subdivided into two groups –
Monocots and Dicots
Monocots have a single seed cotyledon
Dicots have two seed cotyledons
Parts of
the Seed



copyright cmassengale
14
Monocots and Dicots
copyright cmassengale
15
Plant Adaptations
Tropism = a plant’s growth response toward or
away from a stimulus.
* Positive tropism is when it grows toward a
stimulus.
* Negative is when it grows away from it.
* Stimuli can be light, touch, and even gravity.
- Touch (thigmotropism)
[vines coil around anything they touch.]
- Light (phototropism)
[leaves, stems, etc, grow toward light.]
- Gravity (geotropism)
(Positive) roots grow toward gravity’s pull
(Negative) stems grow away from its pull
16
Thigmotropism
Geotropism
Phototropism
copyright cmassengale
17
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=pCFstSMvAMI
video
copyright cmassengale
18
LAB ACTIVITY: Celery
Lab
copyright cmassengale
19
Review Plant Parts Online
Activity
copyright cmassengale
20
Bee
Hummingbird


All living things on Earth are dependent on
plants for their existence.
We depend on them for food and for oxygen
Plants



All plants are multicellular
All plants are eukaryotes
All plants have a cell wall



All plants are autotrophs
They produce energy through the process
called photosynthesis
The formula for photosynthesis is:
Plant Characteristics





Multicellular
eukaryotes
Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Surrounded by cell walls containing cellulose
(polysaccharide)
Store reserve food as amylose (starch)
copyright cmassengale
27
Parts of The Plant





Roots
Leaves
Stem
Flower
Seed

Plants have three main organs

Leaves

The leaves function is
to capture sunlight and
perform
photosynthesis

Stems

The stems function is
to support the plant
and provide a place
through which water
and nutrients move

Roots

The roots anchor the
plant to the soil and
absorb water and
nutrients from the soil
Root Functions
Roots have 4 primary functions

Absorption of water and nutrients




performed by root hairs
Transportation of water and
nutrients to stem
Anchor plant to maintain stability
Store food and water
Important Functions of
Leaves

Photosynthesis



Process that plants use to produce their
food
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Transpiration

Loss of water and exchange of carbon
dioxide
Functions of the Stem



Transport water
and nutrients from
roots to leaves
Supports leaves,
fruit, and flowers
Food storage
Plant
Divisions
copyright cmassengale
36
Nonvascular Plants


Do not have
vascular tissue for Sporophyte stage
support or
conduction of
materials
Require a constantly
moist environment
Gametophyte
Stage
Moss Gametophytes &
Sporophytes
copyright cmassengale
37




Nonvascular Plants
Plants can’t grow as tall
Cells must be in direct contact with
moisture
Materials move by diffusion cell-tocell
Sperm must swim to egg through
water droplets
copyright cmassengale
38
Plant Divisions



Plants are divided
into two groups
Based on the
presence or
absence of an
internal transport
system for water
and dissolved
materials
Called Vascular
System
Vascular
Bundles
copyright cmassengale
39
Vascular System


Xylem tissue carries water and
minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made
by photosynthesis from the leaves
to where they will be stored or
used
copyright cmassengale
40
Examples of vascular plants
Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)

Conifers
Giant sequoia
Gingko
copyright cmassengale
43
copyright cmassengale
44
The female part is called the pistil
 It is made of the stigma, style and the ovary
 Inside the ovary are ovules
which when fertilized, will mature
into seeds

Plant Uses
copyright cmassengale
47
Why We Can’t do Without
Plants!





Produce oxygen for the
atmosphere
Produce lumber for building
Provide homes and food for many
organisms
Prevent erosion
Used for food
copyright cmassengale
48
More Reasons We Can’t do
Without Plants!





Produce wood pulp for paper
products
Source of many medicines
Ornamental and shade for yards
Fibers such as cotton for fabric
Dyes
copyright cmassengale
49
Plant Adaptations to Land





Problems:
Need minerals
Gravity
Increase in Height
for Light
Adaptations for Drier
environment
Reproduction





Solutions:
Roots absorb H2O & minerals
Lignin & cellulose in cell walls
Vascular Transport System
Waxy cuticle & stomata with
guard cells
Pollen containing sperm
copyright cmassengale
50
EXIT TICKET
copyright cmassengale
51