Transcript Quiz #3: Mitosis, the Cell Cycle and Cancer

QUIZ #3:
MITOSIS, THE CELL CYCLE
AND CANCER
PLANT TISSUES
Question #1

Which part of the cell cycle takes the longest
amount of time? [INTERPHASE OR PMAT?]Explain
why you think this stage takes the most time.
(2 marks)
Question #2

Identify which stage of mitosis each of the following cells
are in AND provide a brief description of what occurs
during each stage: (8 marks)
A
B
C
D
Question #3

Describe two differences between healthy cells and
cancer cells. (2 marks)
Question #4

Define the term apoptosis. (1 mark)
Question #5

Identify two methods of screening for cancer and
two common treatments for cancer. (4 marks)
PLANTS
Structure and Function
Cell Specialization

Process by which cells develop from similar cells into
cells that have specific functions within an organism.
 Cell
differentiation is the stage of development of a
living organism during which specialized cells form.
 Tissues are a cluster of similar cells that share the
same specialized structure and function.
 Organs are a combination of several types of tissue
working together to perform a specific function.
 Meristematic cells are unspecialized plant cells that
give rise to specific specialized cells.
Plant Tissues

Three basic types of tissues:
 Dermal
tissue
 Ground tissue
 Vascular tissue
Plant Tissues (cont’d)

Dermal tissue:
 Outermost
covering of the plant’s organs that forms a
barrier between the plant and its external environment
 Protects the delicate internal tissues of the plant and
controls the exchange of water and gases between the
plant and the external environment
 Examples: upper and lower epidermis
Plant Tissues (cont’d)

Ground tissue:
 Responsible
for many functions, including photosynthesis
and support
 Example: leaves, roots

Vascular tissue:
 Transports
water, nutrients and sugars throughout the
plant as well as providing support
 Examples: xylem and phloem
Meristems



Unlike most animals, plants are able to continue
growing throughout their entire lifespan
This is because the meristem is always active,
causing the plant to grow upwards and downwards
and outwards
Meristem tissue is not specialized; it can
differentiate into any type of plant cell
Plant Organs

The stem:
 Responsible
for physical support and transportation of
water, nutrients and sugars
 Holds the leaves up to the light

The leaves:
 Responsible
for photosynthesis
*We will now label the parts of the leaf …
Plant Organs (cont’d)
Xylem Cells



Dead
Transport water and
minerals from roots to
other parts of plant
Found in the vascular
bundle (or vein)
Phloem Cells



Living
Transport sugars from
leaves to other parts
of plant
Found in the vascular
bundle (or vein)
Plant Organs (cont’d)

The roots:
 Responsible
for anchoring the plant in the soil and
uptake of water and minerals from the soil
 Some roots also act as a storage region for the plant
 Types of roots:
 Tap
roots
 Fibrous roots
Plant Organs (cont’d)

Types of roots:
 Tap
roots (example – dandelions, carrots):
 One
main root that grows larger and thicker than the rest so
the plant can get water from deep in the ground
 Also firmly anchors plant
 Fibrous
roots (example – grass):
 Shallow,
branching roots that spread out horizontally near
the surface of the soil to provide a large surface area for
water absorption
 Also stabilize the soil to help prevent erosion and landslides
Plant Organs (cont’d)

The flower:
 Responsible
for reproduction
 Anatomy:
 Petals
 Stamen
– anther and filament (male reproductive organ)
 Pistil – stigma, style, ovary (female reproductive organ)
* We will now label the parts of the flower …
Human Uses of Plants


Food - vitamins and minerals, and cellulose for
fibre in the diet
Medicine
 Aloe
vera, flax seed [laxative], lemon, evening
primrose, camomile, seeds (Vitamin E)

Paints
 Natural


pigments found in most plants can be used
Decorations
Land stabilization
 Grasses,
fast-growing trees (birch)
Homework


READ chapter 3
Questions page 76 #4, 5, 6, 7