Transcript Morphology of flowering plant part 1

Angiospermic diversity
Habit
HerbsShrubsTreesTrailersCreepersTwinnersLianasEpiphytesSAFE HANDS
Habita
Terrestrialt
Mesophytes- adapted to neither very wet nor dry condition.
Xerophytes- Dry habitat.
Psammophytes- adapted to sandy soil.
Lithophytes – Growing on rocks.
Halophytes- Salty soil.
Hydrophytes- Aquatic
SAFE HANDS
SAFE HANDS
TAP ROOT
SAFE HANDS
ADVENTITIOUS ROOT
SAFE HANDS
Fleshy roots
Conical
SAFE HANDS
Fusiform
Napiform
Nodulated roots Pneumatophores
Leguminous plants
SAFE HANDS
Rhizophora
FLESHY ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS
Moniliform
Nodulose
Momordica(Bitter gourd) Curcuma
,
amada
Indian spinach
(mangoginger)
SAFE HANDS
Curcuma domestica
(termeric)
FLESHY ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS
Fasciculated
Palmate root
Orchis
Asparagus, Dehlia
SAFE HANDS
For mechanical support
Prop roots
Stilt roots
Ficus benghalensis
(banyan)
Cephalis
SAFE HANDS
For mechanical support
Climbing roots
Piper betel (Pan)
Balancing
Eichhornia, Pistia
roots
SAFE HANDS
For Vital function
Parasitic roots
Cuscuta - Haustoria
Mycorrhial
Pinus- Ecto & Endo
roots
Epiphytic
Orchid-Vanda – Str.
roots
Floating roots
Saalvinia - Balance
SAFE HANDS
Reproductive roots
Functions of roots –
•Secondary functions•Storage.- carrot, radish, beet, turnip.
•Mechanical support- prop, buttress, stilt.
•Climbing- Betel.
•Nitrogen fixation.- Leguminous plant.
•Aeration – Pneumatophores.
•Relese oxygen- rice.
•Photosynthesis- Trapa, Tinosopora
SAFE HANDS
Buds –
(According to nature)
Vegitativ Floral Mixed
Cauliflower Malus
e
-Cabbage
Terminal/
Apical
SAFE HANDS
Buds –
(According to positions)
Lateral
Lateral buds
Axillary Accessory Extra axillaryAdventitious
Lateral to axillaryOn node but
Not on node but
outside leaf base other parts
• Foliar on leaf.
• Radical on root.
• Cauline on stem
SAFE HANDS
Other types
Epiphyllous – found on margin leaf
Bryophyllum, Kalanchoe
Supplimentary – found at axil of leaves.
Collateral – found side by side of axil.
Superposed- axillary accessory but one above other
Dormant – axillary but rudimentary.
Deciduous – axillary but fall down.
SAFE HANDS
Branching of stem
Unbranched.
-Caudex- Coconut
Branched
Racemose-Monopodial
Lateral branches
acropetal- Cycas
female
Cymose- sympodial
Terminal bud stop growth
Cycas –male
Monochasial Dichasial
SAFE HANDS
Polychasial
Forms of stem
Strong
Weak
Excurrent,
Deliquescent,
Caudex,
Culm Trailers
Scape • Procumbent- Lie flat- oxalis
Reduced
In radish
Climbers
• Decumbent – branches vertical
Twiners
• Creepers- Cyanodon
• Diffuse- protrate- Euphorbia
Lianes climbers
Hiptage
Dextrose-clockwise Sinistrose-anticlockwise
Tendril
pea
SAFE HANDS
Root
Beetal
Hook
Artabotys
Thorn
Rose
Adhesive
Ivy
Leaf
Pitcher
Modification of stem
Underground
Aerial
Sub aerial
Underground
Non green, for perennation ,
store food, vegetative
propagation, Not
root
Stem tuber Rhizome
Potato
Root stock-oblique
Eg. – Alocasia
SAFE HANDS
Straggling –
Horizontal
Corm
Bulb
Gladiolus Tunicated
Scaly
Aerial
Aerial
modification
Stem tendril – On the basis of origin
Axillary- Passiflora.
Extra axillary- Cucurbita
Apical bud tendril- opposite to
leaves – Vitis vinifera.
Stem tip – Gouniana.
Phylloclades –
CladodesThornBulbil
PseudobulbPrickles
SAFE HANDS
Floral bud tendrils- Antigonon
Opuntia, Euphorbia - Photosynthetic
Asparagus
Citrus plants
Diascorea
Bulbophyllum.
Rose
Sub aerial modification
Runner
Stolons-
Above ground Undergrund
Jasmin,
Cynodon
Strawberry
SAFE HANDS
Sucker
Offset
Mentha
Pistia, Echhornia
Nature of stem
Herb
Shrub
• Annual
• Biennial
• Perennials
• Ephemerals
SAFE HANDS
Tree
Functions of stem
Primary function•Gives laves, flowers, & fruits.
•Conduction of water and minerals.
•Adds new cell for growth
Secondary function•Storage of food.
•Photosynthetic like phylloclade
•Succulents for storage of water
•Climbing
•Prickles for protection.
•Vegetative propagation
SAFE HANDS