Transcript 8.01 Insects

8.0 Compare distinguishing
characteristics of pests
8.01 Discuss the anatomy and
life cycle of pests
Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Insects are small animals that
have 3 body regions and 3 pairs
of legs. (6 legs)
• 3 Body regions are head, thorax
and abdomen.
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Body Parts of an Insect
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Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Five types of
mouthpart are
important in
identifying
insects and in
controlling
insects.
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Five Mouthparts
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Chewing
Piercing-Sucking
Rasping-Sucking
Siphoning
Sponging
Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Chewing
• Tearing or
grinding food.
• Ex. Beetles,
cutworms,
caterpillars, and
grasshoppers
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Damage to Plants by Pests
• Damage by chewing insects
includes tearing, chewing, or
grinding all parts of the plant.
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Chewing Insects
• Beetles –
• Eat leaves,
stems, flowers,
fruits, and nuts.
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Chewing Insects
• Cutworms –
• Usually attack
stems, but may
eat other plant
parts.
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Chewing Insects
• Caterpillars –
• Larva of moths
and butterflies
are fuzzy and
hairy.
• They eat young
leaves and
stems.
• Roll up in leaves,
making leaves
curl.
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Chewing Insects
• Grasshopper –
• Eat all parts of
the plant
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Grasshopper
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Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Piercing-sucking
insects puncture
plant and suck
sap usually from
the underside of
the leaves or on
the stem.
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Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Piercing-sucking insects include
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Aphids
Mealy bugs
Mites
Leaf bugs
Whiteflies
Damage to Plants
• Damage causes yellow spotted
leaves which result in stunted
growth
Sucking Insects
• Aphids – (A.K.A. plant lice)
• Pierces and sucks juices.
• Causes stunted growth and yellow
spotted leaves.
• Causes sticky substance and
black mold, which attracts ants.
• Ladybugs are their predators –
biological control.
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Aphids
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Sucking Insects
• Leaf Bugs –
• Causes plants to
look unhealthy.
• Plants loose
their normal
color and wilt.
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Sucking Insects
• Mealy bugs –
• Pierce and suck from the
underside of the leaves and in leaf
axis.
• Causes yellow appearance and
sticky secretions.
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Mealy Bugs
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Sucking Insects
• Scale –
• Appear as black or brown raised
lumps attached to stems and
undersides of the leaf.
• Causes yellow leaves and stunted
growth.
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Scale
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Sucking Insects
• Whiteflies –
• Feed on the
underside of
young leaves,
causing
yellowing.
• They will look
like flying little
white specks
when plants are
shaken.
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Sucking Insects
• Mites –
• Attack the underside of the leaves.
• Causes gray to grayish green
spots.
• Severe infestations cause
webbing.
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Spider Mite
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Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Rasping-sucking
• rasps or break
the leaf surface
and sucks sap.
• Ex. thrips
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Damage to Plants
• Damaged plant tissue becomes
speckled and white
Sucking Insects
• Thrips –
• Chews and then
sucks
• Causes leaf tips
to wither, curl
up, then die.
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Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Siphoning
• Dip a coiled tube
into a liquid food
such as nectar
draws (or
siphon) it in.
• Butterflies
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Damage to Plants
• Siphoning insects do little or no
damage to the plant
Butterfly
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Anatomy and Life Cycle of
Insects
• Sponging• have 2 spongelike structures
that collect
liquid food and
move it into the
food canal.
• Ex. housefly
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Damage to Plants
• Sponging insects can carry
infection or disease that can
damage the plant
Life Cycle
Complete metamorphosis has 4
stages:
1. Egg
2. Larva-worm or caterpillars
3. Pupa-resting
4. Adult
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Complete Metamorphosis
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Life Cycle
• Incomplete metamorphosis
has 3 stages.
1. Egg
2. Nymph-baby insect
3. Adult
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Incomplete Metamorphosis
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Insect must be killed when
they are actively feeding or
moving on the plant.